Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the sequence of stages leading from the adults of one generation to the adults of the next
|
life cycle
|
|
What are the two types of reproduction?
|
asexual and sexual
|
|
Asexual production means that there is no ____ involved and it produces offspring _____ to the parent?
|
sex, identical
|
|
All genes in asexual reproduction come from _____?
|
one parent
|
|
In asexual reproduction, if a parent organism isn't doing so great, what happens to the offspring?
|
They will inherit whatever the parent has.
|
|
In sexual reproduction, offspring are similar to parents but have ____?
|
variations
|
|
The genes in sexual reproduction come from _____ and every individual is a _____ mix of genes.
|
two parents, unique
|
|
Cell division can:
______ a single celled organism ____ a multicellular organism _____ an egg to an adult _____ and _____ adult cells in an organism Produce _____ and _____ cells (meiosis) |
reproduce, grow, grow, repair, replace, sperm, egg
|
|
dividing in half
|
binary fission
|
|
Binary fission is primarily used by _____ cells and two _____ come from one cell. It is the most basic kind of asexual reproduction.
|
prokaryotic, identical cells
|
|
Steps in binary fission?
|
A circular chromosome duplicates, copies separate. Plasma membrane grows inward & the cell divides.
|
|
Chromosomes _____ with each cell division
|
duplicate
|
|
Chromosomes are composed of ______
|
chromatin
|
|
Chromatin is made up of ____ and _____
|
DNA and proteins
|
|
Before cell division, _____ condenses, and the _____ are visible with a microscope
|
chromatin, chromosomes
|
|
Chromosomes are made of ______?
|
DNA
|
|
Two stages of the cell cycle?
|
Interphase and Mitotic phase
|
|
In interphase the cell contents are _______? and ____ are at work making sure that DNA is accurately duplicated?
|
duplicated, enzymes
|
|
3 stages of interphase and their function
|
G1- growth, increase in cytoplasm
S- duplication of chromosomes G2- growth, preparation for division |
|
Mitosis is the division of the _____.
|
nucleus, divides one time
|
|
_____ occurs in sex cells and gametes and the nucleus divides _____ times.
|
Meiosis, 2
|
|
division of the cytoplasm, occurs in bot mitosis and meiosis
|
cytokinesis
|
|
The majority of the cell cycle is spent in what phase?
|
interphase
|
|
4 stages of mitosis and what happens in them?
|
Prophase- the beginning steps of division
Metaphase- chromosomes are lined up at the middle Anaphase- chromosomes move to the opposite ends of the part Telophase- the ending point where the cells actually divide |
|
____ often overlaps telophase?
|
cytokinesis
|
|
a typical body cell
|
somatic cell
|
|
Organisms of the species have _____ numbers of chromosomes in their somatic cells. In humans, that number is ____.
|
Equal, 46
|
|
When the cell divides _____ separates?
|
chromatids
|
|
Meiosis only occurs in the ____ and _____ cells which are known as ______.
|
sperm, egg, gametes
|
|
Meiosis requires ____.
|
fertilization
|
|
The ___ chromosome has the one or 2 genes that make a male a male?
|
y
|
|
There is no one gene that makes a female, there's some interactions that make a female, however we associate the female with the ____ chromosome?
|
x
|
|
complete set of chromosomes
|
karyotype
|
|
one set from each parent
|
homologous
|
|
Homologous pairs (2) are the same chromosome expressed a little ____?
|
differently
|
|
The exception to homologous chromosomes are the _____ chromosomes?
|
sex
|
|
Humans have ____ homologous pairs (autosomes) and ____ sex chromosomes for a total of ___.
|
22,2,46
|
|
Autosomes are ____ meaning they have 2 sets of chromosomes.
|
diploid
|
|
Gametes have ___ set of chromosomes meaning that they are _____.
|
1, haploid
|
|
Fertilization fuses a ____ and a ____ which creates a _____. This makes the cells haploid again (2n)
|
sperm, egg, zygote (fertilized egg)
|