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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the use of a plasma membrane cariier protein tomove molecules or ion from a region of lower concentraition to a higher concentraion;oppposes equilibrium and requires NRG
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active transport
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organic molecule made of an amino group and acid group; covalently bonds to produce peptide molecules
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amino acid
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Mitotic phase where daughter chromosome move toward poles of the spindle
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anaphase
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Nucleotide with 3 phosphate groups. ADP+P when broken down
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ATP
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organism that can capture NRG and synthesize organic molecules form inorganic nutrients
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autotroph
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splitting of parent cell into 2 daughter cells. Asexual reproduction for bacteria
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binary fission
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class of organic compounds includes: monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
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carbohydrates
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continuous process where carbon circulates in air, water, and organisms of the biosphere
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carbon cycle
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smallest unit displays the properties of life
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cell
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repeating sequence in eukaryotes involving cell growth and nuclear division; G1,S,G2,M
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cell cycle
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structure surrounding plant, protisan, fungal, or bacterial cell; maintains cell's shape and rigidity
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cell wall
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Metabollic reactions using NRG from carbohydrate, fatty acid, or amino acid brokedown to produce ATP molecules
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cellular respiration
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green pigment absorbs solar NRG used for phostosynthesis
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chlorophyll
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membrane bounded organelle containing membranous thylakoids;where photosynthesis takes place
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chloroplast
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structure consisting DNA complexed with proteins that transmits gene form the previous generation of cells and organisms to the next generation
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chromosome
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3 base sequence in messanger RNA that causes the insertion of a particular amino acid into a protein, or termination of a translation
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codon
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gradual change in chemical concentration from one point to another
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concentration gradient
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chemical bond in which atoms share one pair of electrons
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covalent bond
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division of the cytoplasm following mitosis and meiosis
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cytokinesis
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contents of a cell between the nucleus (nucleoid) region of bacteria and the plasma membrane
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cytoplasm
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movement of molecules or ions from a region of higher to lower concentraion; requires no NRG and tends to lead toward equal disribution
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diffusion
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(2n) cell condition in which 2 of each type of chromosome are present
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diploid
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Nucleic acid polymer produced from covalent bonding of neucleotide monomers that contain the sugar deoxyribose; genetic material of nearly all organisms
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DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid)
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allele that exerts its phenotypic effect in the heterozygote' masks the expression of recessive alleles
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dominant
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study of the the interactions of aganisms w/ other organisms and w/ the physical and chemical environment
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ecology
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passage of electrons along a series of membrane-bound electron carrier molecules from a higher to a lower NRG; NRG released is use for ATP synthesis
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electron transport chain
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process where substances are moved into the cell from the environment by phagocytosis (cellular eating) or pinocytosis (cellular drinking); includes receptor-mediated
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endocytosis
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organic catalyst, usually a protein, that speeds a reaction in cells due to its particular shape
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enzyme
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growth, particularly of a population, the increase occures in the same manner as a compound interest
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exponential growth
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passive transfer of a substance into or out of a cell along a concentration gradient by a process that requires a carrier
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facilitated diffusion
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Anaerobic breakdown of glucose resulting in a gain of 2 ATP and end in products such as alcohol and lactate
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fermentation
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model for plasma mebrane based on the changing location and pattern of protein molecules in a fluid phospholipid bilayer
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fluid mosaic model
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genes of an organism for a particular trait or traits ; designated by letters ex: BB, Aa
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genotype
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Anaerobic breakdown of glucose that results in a gain of ATP; end product is pyruvate
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glycolysis
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place where an organism lives and is able to survive and reproduce
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habitat
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(n) cell condition in which only one of each type of chromosome is present
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haploid
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processing unlike alleles for a particular trait
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heterozygous
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member of a pair of chromosomes that are alike and come together in synapsis during prophase of the first meiotic division; a homologue
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homologue chromosomes
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possesssing 2 identical alleles for a particular trait
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homozygous
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weak bond that arises between a slightly positive hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slughtly negative atom of another molecule or between parts of the same molecule
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hydrogen bond
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supposition est. by reasoning after considerationof available evidence can be tested by obtaining more data, often by experimentation
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hypothesis
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stages of the cell cycle (G1,s,G2) during which growth and DNA synthesis occur when the nucleus is not actively dividing
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interphase
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chemical bond in which ions are attracted to one another by opposite charges
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ionic bond
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2 laws explaining NRG and its relationship and exchanges
1)law of conservation 2)NRG cannot be changed from one form to another w/o a loss of usable NRG |
Laws of Thermodynamics
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class of organic compunds that tends to be soluble in nonpolar solvents; includes fats and oils
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lipid
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membrane-bounded vesicle that contains hydrolytic enzymes
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lysosome
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type of nuclear division that occcurs asa part of sexual reprodutction, in which the daughter cells reieive the haploid number of chromosomes in varied combinations
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meiosis
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mitotic phase during which chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate
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metaphase
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small molecule that is a subunit of a polymer-ex: glucose is a polymer of starch
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monomer
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