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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Magnifications |
Image size / Real size |
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Coarse adjustment knob |
Move stage just below objective lens (move it until it’s in focus) |
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Fine adjustment knob |
Adjust focus until you get a clear image of what’s on the side |
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Sperm cells adaptations |
reproduction: Long tail, streamlined head, many mitochondria and an enzyme tip to digest egg membrane |
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Nerve cells |
Rapid signalling: long cells, branches connections (dendrites), myelin sheath prevents signals leaking |
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Muscle cell adaptations |
Contraction: long, many mitochondria, protein fibres can contract ~ allow muscle to move |
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Root hair cell adaptations |
Absorbing water and minerals: big surface area, no chloroplasts |
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Cell cycle |
Growth and DNA replication, mitosis |
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Binary fusion |
Prokaryotic cells replication process e.g bacteria |
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Exchange surface adaptations |
Thin membrane (short diffusion distance), large S.A, in animals their are many blood vessels and gas exchange surfaces are ventilated |
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Carbohydrase (amylase) |
Starch 〰️ Maltose (sugars) |
Salivary gland, pancreas and small intestine |
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Protease |
Proteins 〰️ amino acids |
Stomach, small intestine and pancreas |
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Lipase |
Lipids 〰️ fatty acids and glycerol |
Pancreas and small intestine |
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Biletest for |
Emulsifies fat (bigger S.A) and neutralises stomach HCl in small intestine |
Stored in gall bladder and released into small intestine |
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Test for sugars |
benedict’s solution: put sample with 10 drops of BS in a 75 degrees C water bath for 5 minutes |
Blue 〰️ green, yellow or brick red |
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Pulmonary Vein & Artery |
Artery ~ carry’s deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated |
Vein ~ carry oxygenated blood back form the lungs |
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Vena Cava & Aorta |
Aorta carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body |
Vena Cava ~ carries deoxygenated blood back from the rest of the body |
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Arteries |
Carry blood away from the heart |
Small lumen, strong elastin fibres, thick walls, thick layer of muscle |
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Veins |
Carry blood back to the heart |
Large lumen, thin walls, valves |
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Capillaries |
Branch off arteries - carry blood really close to every cell to exchange substances |
Permeable walls, very thin walls, supply food.oxygen, take away CO2 |
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Plasma |
Liquid in blood that carries : red & whit blood cells, platelets, nutrients (glucose and amino acids) CO2, urea, hormones, proteins, antibodies and antitoxins |
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Stents & Statins |
Stents are tubes inserted inside arteries to keep them open |
Statins are drugs that reduce the amount of bad cholesterol in the bloodstream |
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Phloem (translocation) |
Transports nutrients in cell sap food substances from leaves elsewhere (immediate use or storage) |
Both directions, elongated living cells with small pores |
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Layers of a plant |
1) waxy cuticle 2) epidermal tissue 3) palisade mesophyll tissue 4) spongy mesophyll tissue + xylem and phloem 5) epidermal tissue -stomata and guard cells |
1) reduce water loss through evaporation 2) transparent to let in light 3) many chloroplasts get most light 4) vascular bundles (x+p) give structure & air spaces = faster diffusion 5) adapted for gases exchange |
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Xylem (transpiration) |
Made of dead cells joined end to end with no walls between them, strengthened with lignin |
Move water from roots to leaves |
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Guard cells |
Flaccid ~ not enough water, close stomata Turgid ~ lots of water, open stomata |
Thin outer walls and thicker inner walls, sensitive to light |
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Stomach tissues |
Epithelial ~ lines it Glandular ~ produces digestive juices Muscular ~moves contents of stomach in digestion |
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