Biology Freshman Ma - Dna And Genes

Front 1

nitrogen base

Back 1

carbon ring structure found in DNA or RNA that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen; includes adenine, guanin, cytosine, thymine, and uracil (11.1 DNA)

Hint 1

11.1 DNA: the Molecule of Heredity

Front 2

double helix

Back 2

shape of a DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled inot a springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases. (11.1 DNA)

Hint 2

11.1 DNA: the Molecule of Heredity

Front 3

DNA replication

Back 3

process in which chromosomal DNA is copied before mitosis or meiosis. (11.1 DNA)

Hint 3

11.1 DNA: the Molecule of Heredity

Front 4

mutation

Back 4

any change or random error in a DNA sequence (11.3 Genetic Changes)

Hint 4

11.3 Genetic Changes

Front 5

point mutation

Back 5

mutation in a DNA sequence; occurs from a change in a single base pair.(11.3 Genetic Changes)

Hint 5

11.3 Genetic Changes

Front 6

frameshift mutation

Back 6

mutation that occurs when a single base is added or deleted from DNA; causes a shift in the reading of codons by one base.(11.3 Genetic Changes)

Hint 6

11.3 Genetic Changes

Front 7

chromosomal mutation

Back 7

mutation that occurs at the chromosome level resulting in changes in the gene distribution to gametes during meiosis; caused when part of chromosome break off or rejoin incorrectly. (11.3 Genetic Changes)

Hint 7

11.3 Genetic Changes

Front 8

mutagen

Back 8

any agent that can cause a change in DNA; includes high-energy radiation, chemicals, or high temperatures. (11.3 Genetic Changes)

Hint 8

11.3 Genetic Changes

Front 9

messenger RNA

Back 9

RNA that transports information from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's cytoplasm. (11.2 From DNA to Protein)

Hint 9

11.2 From DNA to Protein

Front 10

ribosomal RNA

Back 10

RNA that makes up the ribosomes; clamps onto mRNA and uses its information to assemble amino acids in the correct order. (11.2 From DNA to Protein)

Hint 10

11.2 From DNA to Protein

Front 11

transfer RNA

Back 11

RNA the transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins. (11.2 From DNA to Protein)

Hint 11

11.2 From DNA to Protein

Front 12

transcription

Back 12

process in the cell nucleus where enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand. (11.2 From DNA to Protein)

Hint 12

11.2 From DNA to Protein

Front 13

codon

Back 13

set of three nitrogen bases that represent an amino acid; order of nitrogen bases in mRNA determines the type and order of amino acids in a protein. (11.2 From DNA to Protein)

Hint 13

11.2 From DNA to Protein

Front 14

translation

Back 14

process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein. (11.2 From DNA to Protein)

Hint 14

11.2 From DNA to Protein