Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a nitrogenous base found in both DNA and RNA; abbreviated as A
|
adenine
|
|
a virus specialized to attack bacteria.
|
bacteriophage
|
|
in molecular genetics, one of the nitrogen-containing, single- or double-ringed structures that distinguish one nucleotide from another. In DNA, the bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
|
base
|
|
a single DNA double helix together with proteins that help to organize the DNA.
|
chromosome
|
|
in nucleic acids, bases that pair by hydrogen bonding. In DNA, adenine is complementary to thymine and guanine is complementary to cytosine; in RNA, adenine is complementary to uracil, and guanine to cytosine.
|
complementary base pair
|
|
a nitrogenous base found in both DNA and RNA; abbreviated as C.
|
cytosine
|
|
a mutation in which one or more pairs of nucleotides are removed from a gene.
|
deletion mutation
|
|
abbreviation of deoxyribonucleic acid.
|
DNA
|
|
an enzyme that helps unwind the DNA double helix during DNA replication.
|
DNA helicase
|
|
an enzyme that joins the sugars and phosphates in a DNA strand to create a continuous sugar-phosphate backbone.
|
DNA ligase
|
|
an enzyme that bonds DNA nucleotides together into a continuous strand, using a preexisting DNA strand as a template.
|
DNA polymerase
|
|
the copying of the double-stranded DNA molecule, producing two identical DNA double helices.
|
DNA replication
|
|
the shape of the two-stranded DNA molecule; like a ladder twisted lengthwise into a corkscrew shape.
|
double helix
|
|
nucleotides that have not been joined together to form a DNA or RNA strand.
|
free nucleotides
|
|
the unit of heredity; a segment of DNA located at a particular place on a chromosome that encodes the information for the amino acid sequence of a protein, and hence particular traits.
|
gene
|
|
a nitrogenous base found in both DNA and RNA; abbreviated as G
|
guanine
|
|
a mutation in which one or more pairs of nucleotides are inserted into a gene.
|
insertion mutation
|
|
a mutation that occurs when a piece of DNA is removed from a chromosome, turned around, and re-reinserted into the gap; the order of genes in this section of the chromosome is therefore reversed.
|
inversion
|
|
a change in the base sequence of DNA in a gene; normally refers to a genetic change significant enough to alter the appearance or function of the organism.
|
mutation
|
|
a mutation that replaces one nucleotide in a DNA molecule with another; for example, a change from an adenine to a guanine.
|
nucleotide substitution
|
|
a subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; a phosphate group bonded to a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA), which is in turn bonded to a nitrogen-containing base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine in DNA). Nucleotides are linked together, forming a strand of nucleic acid, as follows: Nucleotides are linked together, forming a strand of nucleic acid, by bonds between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of the next nucleotide.
|
nucleotide
|
|
a mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed.
|
point mutation
|
|
the process of replication of the DNA double helix; the two DNA strands separate, and each is used as a template for the synthesis of a complementary DNA strand. Consequently, each daughter double helix consists of one parental strand and one new strand.
|
semiconservative replication
|
|
a major feature of DNA structure, formed by attaching the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate from the adjacent nucleotide in a DNA strand.
|
sugar-phosphate backbone
|
|
a nitrogenous base found only in DNA; abbreviated as T .
|
thymine
|
|
a mutation that occurs when a segment of DNA, often very large, is removed from a chromosome and attached to a different place on the chromosome or is attached to another chromosome.
|
translocation
|