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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cellular Respiration |
how cells get energy from organic molecules and release waste. |
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Goal of Cellular Respiration |
ATP Synthesis/production |
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Glucose |
a fuel molecule - when oxidized into CO2 and water, ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are made. |
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Aerobic Cellular Respiration |
- breakdown of fuel molecules in the presence of O2. - 1 molecule of glucose oxidized generates up to 38 ATP. |
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Metabolic pathways |
-glycolysis - transition reaction - citric acid cycle - oxidative phosphorylation |
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Glycolysis |
- occurs in cytoplasm - summary: glucose molecule become 2 pyruvate molecules - must be regulated - Energy Yield: 2 ATP (net) and 2 NADH |
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Reactions of glycolysis |
- energy investment phase - cleavage phase - energy liberation phase |
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Energy Investment Phase |
glucose is converted to 6 biophosphate |
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Cleavage Phase |
6 biophosphate (6 carbon molecule) becomes 2 3-carbon molecules |
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Energy Investment phase |
2 3-carbon molecules become 2 molecules of pyruvate |
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Regulation of glycolysis |
if enough ATP is present, then: - ATP binds w/enzyme at allosteric site - glucose breakdown and ATP overproduction is inhibited. |
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Transition Reaction |
- pyruvate molecules transported to mitochondrion - pyruvate oxidized into a Acetyl group and CO2 - CO2 exhaled - 2 NADH form Energy Yield: 2 NADH |
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Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb's Cycle) |
- requires oxygen - occurs in mitochondrion -Acetyl group removed from CoA Energy Yield: 10 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 ATP |
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Oxidative Phosphorylation |
involves: - electron transport chain and ATP synthesis - electron are removed from NADH and FADH2 to make more ATP - Energy Yield: 34 ATP |
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Electron Transport Chain |
group of protein complexes and organic molecules in mitochondiral membrane |
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ATP Synthase |
- create ATP through chemiosmosis - energy source: H+ electrochemical gradient as - exergonic process |
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Lipid Metabolism |
- fats typically broken down to glycerol and fatty acids |
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Anaerobic Respiration |
- fuel molecules metabolized without O2 - molecule (that's not O2) must substitute as final electron acceptor in ETC - H+ gradient powers ADP + Pi to ATP conversion - yield varies ex: many bacterial species live under anaerobic conditions |
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Fermentation |
- no net oxidation of molecules - Net Yield: 2 ATP - ATP synthesized by glycolysis |
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Problems with fermentation |
- [NAD+] decreases - NAD+ is needed to continue glycolysis - high [NADH] donates electrons to molecules and forms free radicals (which are bad) |
