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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Allopatric Speciation
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The formation of a new species as a result of an ancestral population's becoming isolated by a geographical barrier
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Natural Selection
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Differential success in reproduction by different phenotypes resulting from interations w/the environment
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Speciation
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Process in which 2 populations achieve reproductive isolation
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Species
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All of the organisms that are potentially capable of interbreeding under normal conditions
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Autosome
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Normal chromosomes; not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism
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Transcription
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1st stage of gene expression in which the RNA polymerase enzymes synthesizes an mRNA molecules whose sequence is complementary to DNA
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Translation
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Synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule
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Dyad Chromosome
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2 Chromatids; before separation
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Monad Chromosome
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1 Chromatid; after separation
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Scientific Theory
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Observation
Hypothesis Evidence Experimentation Verification Predictive Power Applications |
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Theory of Natural Selection
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Genetic variations
Overproduction of offspring Struggle for existence Differential survival & reproduction |
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Adaptive Trait
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Trait that enhances the reproductive success of an individual under certain environmental conditions
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5-Kingdom Classification
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Plantae
Fungi Animalia Protista Monera |
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Classification System
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Kingdom
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
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Meiosis 1
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DNA replication
Sister chromatids do NOT separate Different maternal/paternal distribution |
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Meiosis 2
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NO DNA replication
Separate from sister chromatids Form haploid gametes |
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Spontaneous Mutation
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Replication errors
Natural chemical events :low rate |
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Induced Mutation
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Chemicals
Radiation :high rate |
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Gene Map
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How many genes
DNA sequence Protein sequence Protein structure Protein function Treatment/Prevention |
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Translation
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mRNA
tRNA Ribosomes |
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Transcription
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DNA unwinds
AU/GC pairing RNA copied: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA |
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Ribosome: large sub-unit
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binds tRNA
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Ribosome: small sub-unit
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binds mRNA
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Transcription
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DNA --> RNA
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Translation
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RNA --> Proteins
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Central Dogma
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DNA --> RNA --> Proteins
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Function of mRNA
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Contains the information which allows the ribsome to connect amino acids in a precise order (protein formation).
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Somatic
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Diploid
Mitosis 2n --> 2n |
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Gametic
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Haploid
Meiosis 2n --> n |
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Allele
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Alternate form of a gene
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Keno
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Common form binds adenine: spontaneous mutation
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Enol
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Rare form binds guanosine: spontaneous mutation
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Base Analogs
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Substitution of a normal base
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Alkalyting Agents
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Chemical modification of a base --> incorrect pairing
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Codon
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Three letter codes that specifies the amino acid of a protein
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Function of rRNA
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Part of the stucture of the protein building complex inside a cell (ribosome).
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Codon
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Basic unit of the genetic code
Code for the same amino acid as another codon does Consists of 3 nucleotides |
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Who discoverd the double helix structure of DNA?
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Watson & Crick
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Where does protein synthesis occur?
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In the cytoplasm
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