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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Peptidoglycan
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the substance that makes up the cell walls of bacteria; composed of protein (peptido) and sugar (glycan)
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Chitin
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the substance that makes up the cell walls of fungi; chitin a polysaccharide similar to cellulose
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Diffusion
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the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (does not require energy)
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Simple diffusion
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the movement of hydrophobic, small, nonpolar molecules across the cell membrane
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Facilitated diffusion
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the movement of large, polar, hydrophilic molecules across the cell membrane using a transport protein
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Active transport
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the movement of a molecule against its concentration gradient using a membrane protein, requires energy (not diffusion)
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Bulk transport
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the movement of very large items across the cell membrane
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Endocytosis
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the process by which a cell takes in a large particle by surrounding it and engulfing it in a vesicle
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Exocytosis
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the process by which a cell releases a large particle by the fusion of a vesicle holding the large molecule with the cell membrane
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Osmosis
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the movement of water across a membrane by diffusion
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Sodium-potassium pump
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a transport protein that pumps sodium into a cell and potassium out using energy from ATP (active transport)
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Carrier protein
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a protein that alters between two configurations to transport particles in or out of a cell (diffusion)
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Channel protein
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a protein that has a channel through which a solute can pass (diffusion)
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Tonicity
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the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
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Hypertonic
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higher concentration of solute outside of the cell compared to inside the cell
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Hypotonic
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lower concentration of solute outside of the cell compared to inside the cell
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Isotonic
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the same concentration of solute outside of the cell as inside the cell
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Aquaporin
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a channel protein that facilitates the diffusion of water across a membrane
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Ion channel
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usually a gated channel that requires a stimulus to open or close
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Concentrated solution
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hypertonic solution
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Dilute solution
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hypotonic solution
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