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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
virus
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a package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat
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bacteriophage
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a virus that infects a bateria
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What carries genetic material?
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DNA
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid
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nucleotide
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building blocks of nucleic acid polymers
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nucleotide parts
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1. ring shaped sugar - deoxyriboser
2. phosphate group 3. nitrogenous base |
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Pyrimidines
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thymine and cytosine
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Purines
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adenine and guanine
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the nitrogenous bases are bound together by...
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a hydrogen bond
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adenenine
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thymine
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cytosine
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guanine
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what shape is DNA?
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double helix
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nucleotides are joined by ...... bonds
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covalent bonds connecting the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate group of the next
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scientists responsible for double helix model
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James Watson and Francis Crick
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dna replication
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the process of copying the DNA
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nucleotide parts
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1. ring shaped sugar - deoxyriboser
2. phosphate group 3. nitrogenous base |
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Pyrimidines
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thymine and cytosine
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Purines
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adenine and guanine
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the nitrogenous bases are bound together by...
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a hydrogen bond
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adenenine
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thymine
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cytosine
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guanine
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what shape is DNA?
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double helix
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nucleotides are joined by ...... bonds
|
covalent bonds connecting the sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate group of the next
|
|
scientists responsible for double helix model
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James Watson and Francis Crick
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dna replication
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the process of copying the DNA
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DNA polymerase
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enzymes that make the covalent bonds between the nucleotides of the new DNA strand
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when does DNA replication occur?
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before a cell divides (to ensure that the cells carry the same genetic material)
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RNA
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ribonucleic acid
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nucleotide parts
*RNA |
1. sugar - ribose
2. phosphate group 3. nitrogenous base |
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RNA is....
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single stranded
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Nitrogenous bases of RNA
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Uracil, Cytosine } pyrimidines
Adenine, guanine } purines |
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transcription
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DNA's nucleotide sequence is converted to the form of a single stranded RNA molecule
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mRNA
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messenger RNA
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translation
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mRNA and tRNA work together to "decode" the DNA's message and create the appropriate protein (or polypeptide)
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codon:
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set of three nitrogenous bases on mRNA that code for the specific amino acid needed to create the polypeptide
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where does translation occur?
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ribosome
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where does transcription occur?
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nucleus
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where does RNA splicing occur?
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nucleus
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what happens to the mRNA in prokaryotic cells?
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it is directly used by the ribosome to create a polypeptide
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what happens to the mRNA in a eukaryotic cell?
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mRNA must be processed before leaving the nucleus
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RNA splicing
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the introns have to be removed and the exons are spliced together
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introns
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non-coding sections
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exons
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coding sections
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spliceosomes
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complexs that cut out the introns and glue together the exons
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one gene - one polypeptide
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Beadle and Tatum proved that most genes code for a polypeptide which may be part of an enzyme or another kind of protein
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where does translation occur?
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ribosome
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where does transcription occur?
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nucleus
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where does RNA splicing occur?
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nucleus
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what happens to the mRNA in prokaryotic cells?
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it is directly used by the ribosome to create a polypeptide
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what happens to the mRNA in a eukaryotic cell?
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mRNA must be processed before leaving the nucleus
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RNA splicing
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the introns have to be removed and the exons are spliced together
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introns
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non-coding sections
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exons
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coding sections
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spliceosomes
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complexs that cut out the introns and glue together the exons
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one gene - one polypeptide
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Beadle and Tatum proved that most genes code for a polypeptide which may be part of an enzyme or another kind of protein
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what did beadle and tatum use in their experiment?
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bread mold
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tRNA
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transfer RNA, moves a.a. to the ribosome
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mutation
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any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
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types of mutations
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base substitution and base insertion/deletion
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mutagen
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physical/chemical agent that causes a mutation (i.e. radiation, chemicals, UV-rays)
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silent mutation
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no product change (protein stays the same)
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