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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Kingdom Monera is subdivided into four phyla:
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Archaebacteria, Schizophyta, Cyanophyta, and Prochlorophyta.
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Monerans are usually
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spherical, rod-shaped, or spiral.
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Spherical monerans are called
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Cocci
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Rod-shaped monerans are called
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bacilli
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Spiral Monerans are called
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Spirilli
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Prefix Staphylo
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used to describe cells that form clusters.
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Prefix Strepto
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is used to describe cells that form filaments, or chains.
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Archaebacteria consists of
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Methanogens, extreme halophiles, and thermoacidophiles
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Schizophyta- largest moneran phylum, consists of
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Class Eubacteria, Class Actinomycota, Class Rickettsiae, and Class Spirochaeta.
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Cyanophyta Members are called
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blue-green bacteria
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Heterocysts
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specialized cells that convert nitrogen from the atmosphere into a form that the organism can use in cellular metabolism.
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Bloom
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rapid increase in the population of a blue-green bacteria.
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Prochlorophyta
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members are photosynthetic bacteria that live symbiotically with the marine chordates known as tunicates.
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Methnanogens
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live only in the absence of free oxygen, they use carbon dioxide and hydrogen to form methane and water.
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Extreme halophiles
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live only in areas of high salt concentration.
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Thermoacidophiles
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live only in places that are very acidic and where temperatures are very hot, often reaching 90 C.
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Class Eubacteria
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largest number of and many of the most familiar bacteria.
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Class Actinomycota
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contains rod-shaped organisms that form branched filaments.
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Class Rickettsiae
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contains mostly nonmotile intracelluar parasites.
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Class Spirochaeta
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contains large spiral-shaped organisms.
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Eubacteria live in
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less harsh environments then archaebacteria.
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Gram Stain
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a test that uses a series of dyes to stain bacterial walls.
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Gram-Negative bacteria
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have an outer covering of lipopolysaccharides and stain pink.
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Gram-Positive bacteria
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lack this covering and stain purple.
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Members of the Class Actinomycota
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Actinomycotes, are Gram-positive bacteria that form colonies.
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Members of the Class Rickettsiae
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Called Rickettsiae, parasitic Gram-negative bacteria that can reproduce only in certain cells of a specific host.
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Members of the Class Spirochetes
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spiral-shaped or curved bacteria. Most use flagella to move.
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Some sPlasmids
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Smaller circular strands of DNA that are capable of replicating independently.
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Capsules
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protective layers of polysaccharides around their cell walls.
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Glycocalyx
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A net of polysaccharides
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Pili
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Objects with protein strands monerans attach themselves to.
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Endospore
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Tough envelope.
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Heterotrophs
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They use food produced by other organisms.
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Saprophyte
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Heterotroph that feeds on dead or decaying organic matter.
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Autotrophs
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Produce their own food from inorganic material.
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Photoautotrophs
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Use sunlight as a source of energy.
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Chemoautotrophs
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Use the energy of chemical reactions instead of sunlight to synthesize food.
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Nitrogen fixation
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process by which gaseous nitrogen is converted into ammonia compounds.
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Obligate Anaerobes
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Cannot survive in the presence of oxygen. (Methanogens.)
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Facultative anaerobes
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Can live with or without oxygen.
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Obligate Aerobes
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Need oxygen to survive.
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Binary fission
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Reproduction by splitting in two.
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Pathogen
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Any organism that causes a disease.
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Toxin
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Poisionous substance that disrupts the metabolism of the infected organism.
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Endotoxins
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found int he cell walls of most Gram-negative bacteria.
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Exotoxins
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products of the metabolism of some bacteria.
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Antibiotics
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chemicals that are capable of inhibiting the growth of some bacteria.
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Alexander Fleming
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discovered product of the fungus Penicillum.
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