Biology Exam 2

Front 1

What class of organic molecules yield the most ATP during aerobic respiration?

Back 1

Lipids

Front 2

In the electron transport chain, the final electron acceptor is an _______

Back 2

Oxygen atom

Front 3

The organelles responsible for the bulk of ATP production in cellular respiration are the _____

Back 3

Mitochondria

Front 4

Animals use the calories they obtain from ____ as their source of energy.

Back 4

Food

Front 5

Which event occurs in the fluid portion of the cytoplasm of a cell undergoing glucose metabolism?

Back 5

Glycolysis

Front 6

Special molecules like NAD+ and FAD transport _______ in cells, which can then be used as energy in the cell.

Back 6

Electrons

Front 7

Entropy is a measure of _______

Back 7

Disorder

Front 8

How is your body able to counteract the effects of entropy?

Back 8

Food (balanced diet)

Front 9

What is the ultimate source of energy for most forms of life on Earth?

Back 9

Solar Energy

Front 10

Energy transformations are not 100% efficient; often energy in the form of ______ is released, which fulfills the second law of thermodynamics.

Back 10

Heat

Front 11

What is the set number of ATP molecules produced during glycolysis.

Back 11

2

Front 12

The main function of cell respiration is to produce _______

Back 12

ATP

Front 13

Match the process with appropriate description.

Glucose serves as the initial reactant = ________

Involves the removal of hydrogen electrons and CO2 from the substrate = ________

Occurs in the cytosol of a cell = ________

Produces the most ATP = ___________

Back 13

Glucose serves as the initial reactant = Glycolysis

Involves the removal of hydrogen electrons and CO2 from the substrate = Krebs Cycle

Occurs in the cytosol of a cell = Glycolysis

Produces the most ATP = Electron transport chain

Front 14

The _______ (usually) of this figure have more free energy than the _______.

Figure represents an _______ reaction.

(free energy | Course of reaction __)

Back 14

Products, reactants. Exergonic.

Front 15

Clusters of light-gathering antenna pigments in a photostream pass energy to the ______

Back 15

Reaction center

Front 16

The light reactions occur in the _______ _______ while the Calvin cycle occurs in the _______.

Back 16

Thylakoid membranes, stroma.

Front 17

The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from ______

Back 17

water

Front 18

Write the balanced reaction for photosynthesis.

Back 18

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight --> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Front 19

What color wavelengths of light are most effective in promoting photosynthesis.

Back 19

Red and blue

Front 20

Many plants have evolved leaves that have adjusted pores, called _______, which allow for gas exchange and water loss.

Back 20

Stomata

Front 21

During the process of ______, RuBP combines with oxygen instead of carbon dioxide.

Back 21

Photorespiration

Front 22

Photosystem II generates _______ and Photosystem I generates _______, both of which are required by the light-independent reactions.

Back 22

ATP, NADPH

Front 23

The _________ is composed of a light harvesting complex and an electron transport system.

Back 23

Photosystem

Front 24

__________ is the main light-capturing molecule in chloroplasts and is responsible for giving most leaves their characteristic green color.

Back 24

Chlorophyll A

Front 25

Carbon dioxide is required in the light dependent reaction.

Back 25

False

Front 26

The photosystems are involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Back 26

True

Front 27

(Leaf graph)

Greatest density of chloroplasts =

The primary function of bottom leaf wall =

Back 27

Tic tacs beneath top wall

Gas exchange.

Front 28

The region of the chromosome occupied by a gene is called a _____

Back 28

Locus

Front 29

According to the Law of Segregation, in an organism with the genotype Aa, half the gametes will have ___ and half will have a

Back 29

A

Front 30

If, in a heterozygous individual, when only one allele is expressed in the phenotype, that allele is ________

Back 30

Dominant

Front 31

The physical manifestation of an organism's genes is its ______.

Back 31

Phenotype

Front 32

What type of allele produces its effects only in homozygous individuals?

Back 32

Recessive

Front 33

The genetic makeup of an individual is its ______

Back 33

Genotype

Front 34

When the expression of a trait is influenced by the action of many genes, the pattern of inheritance is called ______

Back 34

Polygenic

Front 35

In human blood types the alleles for A and B are said to be _______ because they both are expressed.

Back 35

Co-dominant

Front 36

The failure of chromosomes to segregate properly during meiosis is called _______

Back 36

Nondisjunction

Front 37

If a round pea (R) has a wrinkled parent (r), the genotype of the round pea is ____

Back 37

Rr

Front 38

The results of a test cross reveal that all the offspring resemble the parent being tested. Genotype of this parent must be _________

Back 38

Homozygous

Front 39

What is the genotype of a dominant individual (D) if some of its offspring show the recessive phenotype?

Back 39

Dd