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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A stem cell is a cell that |
Can differentiate into specialized cell types. |
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Stem cells in bone marrow will develope into! |
Blood cells |
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A tissue is defined as: |
One or more cell types that perform a common task. |
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Embyronic stem cells are pluripotent. What does this mean? |
They can give rise to any of the body cell types. |
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A tissue is defined as: |
one or more cell types that perform a common task. |
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An organ is defined as: |
Two or more tissues organized and capable of carrying out a specific task. |
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Keeping internal conditions within tolerable limits is called: |
Homeostasis. |
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What structural feature allows land animals to exchange gases? |
Lungs. |
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Which of the following is not one of the four main types of tissues found in all vertebrate bodies? |
Blood. |
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Which tissue type is a sheet-like tissue with kne surface always facing a body cavity or an external environment? |
Epithelial. |
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What type of junction will hold epithelial tissues together? |
Tight. |
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What are the projections on epithelial tissue that increase the surface area? |
Microvilli. |
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What are the projections on epithelial tissue found in the upper airways that will help move mucus? |
Cilia. |
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Which tissue type contains gland cells? |
Epithelial. |
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What type of gland releases its product onto an internal or external surfaces? |
Exocrine. |
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Biological digestion is defined as? |
breaking food down into smaller pieces that can be absorbed into cells. |
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Where is the beginning of chemical digestion? |
in the mouth. |
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Where is the beginning of chemical digestion? |
in the mouth. |
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Where is the location of chyme production? |
gallbladder. |
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Which structure is responsible for secreting digestive enzymes into small intestine and hormones into the blood? |
The pancreas. |
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which is responsible for storing bile? |
Gallbladder. |
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A person chokes when food becomes lodged in! |
The trachea. |
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What does the stomach secretes? |
Secretes enzymes that begin to break down proteins. |
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What is peristalsis? |
an involuntary smooth muscle response to swallowing. |
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What might disruption of the stomachs protective mucus layer give rise to? |
Ulcers. |
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Where is the longest segment of the gut? |
in the small intestine. |
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What is the importance of the structure of the small intestine? |
The many folds help to increase the surface area for digestion and absorption. |
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If a person does not produce bile, which macromolecule would they have the most trouble digesting? |
Fats |
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If a person was not able to produce pancreatic secretions, which macromolecule would they have difficulty digesting? |
carbs,proteins,fats and nucleic acid. |
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What is found in the human mouth? |
Amylase. |
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On what foodstuff does the main enzyme in the mouth act? |
carbohydrates. |
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What is the role of a sphincter? |
control the passage of materials. |
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What is the role of a sphincter? |
control the passage of materials. |
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If the first sphincter of the digestive tube does not operate properly, what condition could result? |
heartburn. |
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What is the role of a sphincter? |
control the passage of materials. |
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If the first sphincter of the digestive tube does not operate properly, what condition could result? |
heartburn. |
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What is Not a function of the stomach? |
absorption of nutrients. |
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The first sphincter encountered by food being digested is between the ____ and the _____. |
esophogus and stomach. |
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What bacterium is known to cause ulcers? |
Helicobacter pylori. |
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where does Protein digestion begins in? |
large intestine. |
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Where does most digestion take place in? |
in the small intestine. |
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What organ Do Not supply enzymes or other compounds that aid the digestive process in the small intestine? |
The large intestine. |
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What is true about the bile? |
Hard pellets of bile are called gallstones. |
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What ate vitamines? |
They are organic substances and are required in small amounts for normal metabolism. |
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What happens when you consume too much vitamin C? |
You would eliminate it in your urine. |
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What is true about concerning dietary fiber? |
Eating insoluble fiber helps prevent constipation. |
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In vertebrates, what is the main function of the urinary system? |
get rid of the body of excess water and unwanted solutes. |
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What does the kidney perform? |
filter water, filter mineral ions, filter rich waste and produce urine. |
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Where is a channel for urine to flow from kidney to the urinary bladder? |
In the Ureter. |
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Kidneys filter water and all solutes except What from the blood? |
Proteins. |
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A normal urinary system consist of What? |
2 ureters. |
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What is the correct path of urine out of the body? |
Kidneys to ureter to bladder to urethra. |
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Blood enters the kidney through What and leaves the kidney through What? |
it enters the renal artery and leaves through the renal vein. |
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What would most likely contain blood that needs to be cleansed? |
The renal artery. |
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Why does someone who has consumed a lot of alcohol become dehydrated? |
Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion, which leads to an increase in urination. |
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Hemodialysis involves in What? |
removing the patients blood, cleansing it, and returning it to the body. |
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What is dialysis? |
exchange of solutes between two solutions that are separated by a semi-permeable membrane. |
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What is Not reabsorbed by the kidneys? |
Urea. |
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Where is the yellow color of urine from? |
degraded hemoglobin. |
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Which of the following substance is Not secreted by an exocrine gland? |
Hormones. |
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Which tissue type allows the body to detect and respond to internal and external changes? |
Nervous tissue. |
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Which cell type secretes a chemical message for the purpose of cellular communication? |
Neuron. |
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This type of tissue has gap junctions, single nucleus, many mitochondria and functions involantary? |
cardiac muscle. |
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What form of stimulus will cause the skeletal muscles to contract and produce shivering? |
decrease in temperature. |
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What protein waterproofs skin? |
keratin. |
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Substances that enter a reaction are termed What? |
reactants. |
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The minimum amount of energy needed to get a chemical reaction started is called What energy? |
Activation energy. |
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ATP contains What? |
Phosphate. |
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Which hormone contains muscle mass? |
Testosterone. |
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Synthetic versions of muscle-building hormones are also known as What? |
Anabolic. |
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Which of the following Lacts ducts? |
Endocrine. |
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What structures protects the heart and lungs? |
Ribs and sternum. |
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Which of the following hold the bones of synovial joints in place? |
Ligaments. |
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What connects muscle to bone? |
A tendon. |
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During excercise, which pathway produces the most energy? |
aerobic respiration. |
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How does enzymes speed up reaction? |
by lowering activation energy. |
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To engulf a bacterium, a WBC would use What? |
Phagocytosis. |
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Movement of a substances that requires the expenditure of ATP molecules is What? |
Active transport. |
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DNA molecules contain protein coding sequences is called? |
Genes. |
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An analysis of plasma or nuclear membrane would yield? |
phospholipids and proteins. |
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The phospholipids of plasma membranes have? |
A hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails. |
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Which of the following substance is released by an endocrine gland? |
Hormones. |
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What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum called? |
Ribosomes. |
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Before a cell divides, What must it do? |
It must duplicate. |
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Body cells of human female contains What? |
2 X chromosomes. |
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Body of a human Male contains What? |
one X and one Y chromosomes. |
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The image of an individuals complement of chromosomes arranged by size,length,shape and centromere location is called What? |
Karyotype. |
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Th building blocks of nucleic acids are What? |
nucleotides. |
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What nitrogen containing bases is Not found in molecule of DNA? |
Uracil. |
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What sugar molecule is involved in the structure of DNA? |
deoxyribose. |
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What does the C stand for in the ACTGG nucleotide sequence? |
cytosine. |
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The structure of a DNA molecule is analogous to a What? |
Ladder. |
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What tissue type is most likely to become cancerous? |
Epithelial. |
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The most common source of DNA mutation is What? |
pesticides on the food we eat. |
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Names |
Study those above. |
|
Front (Term) |
Study above. |
|
Front (Term) |
Study above. |
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What is the most abundant tissue type in the human body? |
Connective tissue. |
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What is composed of dense connective tissue? |
Cartilage. |
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What body region is composed of cartilage? |
nose,outer ear,wind pipe and embyronic skeleton. |
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![]() Names |
Study those above. |
|
![]() Front (Term) |
Study above. |
|
![]() Front (Term) |
Study above. |