Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Matter |
- Anything that contains mass and occupies space - Comes in three states: Solid, Liquid, Gas |
|
Mass |
- The amount of matter in any object |
|
Atoms |
- The smallest functional units of matter |
|
Molecule |
- Two or more atoms bonded together |
|
Compound |
- A molecule composed of two or more different elements |
|
Element |
- A pure substance of only one kind of atom |
|
What subatomic particles are found in an atom and what are their charges? |
- Protons (positive +1), Neutrons (neutral 0), and Electrons (negative -1) |
|
Where are the different subatomic particles located? |
- The protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of an atom. The electrons are surrounding the nucleus in orbitals. |
|
What is the overall charge associated with an atom? Explain why that is the case. |
- The overall charge associated with an atom is 0 as long as it is not an ion because there are the same number of electrons as there are protons and the cancel each other out. |
|
Atomic Nucleus |
- Center of an Atom that contains protons and neutrons |
|
Orbitals |
- The region of space surrounding the atomic nucleus in which there is a high probability of finding an electron - Maximum of two electrons per orbital - When electrons share the same energy level, shape, and orientation, we say they are in the same orbital |
|
Electron subshell |
- Within a shell (same "n"), all electrons that share the same "l" (the angular momentum quantum number, or orbital shape) are in the same sub-shell - s, p, d, f, etc. |
|
Electron Shell |
- Composed of one or more orbitals - All electrons that have the same value for "n" (the principle quantum number) are in the same shell - labeled as, 1, 2, 3, etc. For example: 1s, 2s, 2p |
|
Energy |
- Capacity to do work of effect change |
|
Kinetic Energy |
- Energy of moving matter |
|
Valence Electrons |
- Electrons found in the outermost shell |
|
Atomic Number |
- Number of protons in an atom - And the number of electrons (the exception is ions) |
|
Periods |
- Rows of the periodic table - Indicate the number of electron shells |
|
Groups |
- Columns of the periodic table - Indicate the number of electrons in outer shell |
|
Atomic mass |
- Indicates an atom's mass relative to the mass of other atoms - Measured in Daltons Da |
|
What is the atomic mass of hydrogen? |
One Da |
|
How many atoms does a mole contain for any particular substance? |
- Contains the same number of atoms for any particular substance as there are in 12 grams of Carbon |
|
Isotopes - How do isotopes affect the atomic masses for elements in the periodic table? |
- Atoms that differ in the number of neutrons they contain - They can have smaller or greater masses than the atoms atomic number depending on if they lose or gain neutrons - The atomic number is an average mass of all the isotopes that exist - They often have similar chemical properties, but may have very different physical ones |
|
Radioisotopes |
- Inherently unstable isotopes - radioactive isotope - They lose energy by emitting subatomic particles and/or radiation until they become stable |
|
Mineral Elements |
- Elements that are found in uncombined form in nature - Calcium or Phosphorus |
|
Trace Elements |
- Required in only minute amounts by living organisms for normal growth - Iron |
|
Molecular Formula |
- Chemical symbols for all of the atoms that are present |
|
Covalent bonds |
- Bonds in which atoms share a pair of electrons - Strong chemical bonds |
|
Octet Rule |
- Many atoms are most stable when they have eight electrons in their outermost electron shell |
|
Double bond |
- When electrons share two pairs of electrons |
|
Triple bond |
- When electrons share three pairs of electrons |
|
Electronegativity |
- A measure of an atoms ability to attract electrons in a bond with another atom |
|
With a large atom, is the electronegativity high or low? |
- It is low because there is a larger distance between the nucleus and the valence electrons |
|
Define Acids |
-Substance that releases hydrogen ions -pH of 6 or lower is considered an acid |
|
Define Bases |
-Substance the binds hydrogen ions -pH of 8 or higher is considered a base |
|
Formula for finding pH |
-log [H] |
|
Define Heat of vaporization |
Heat required to vaporize 1 mol of a substance at it's boiling point
|
|
Define Heat of Fusion |
Amount of heat energy that must be released to change from liquid to solid |
|
Define Specific Heat |
Amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a a substance 1 degree Celsius. |
|
Define Heat Capacity |
Amount of heat required to raise temperature on entire object or substance |