Biology 1305 Final Exam

Front 1

Charles Darwin/Alfred Russell Wallace

Back 1

1. proposed the concept of natural selection as a mechanism for evolution, as a way to explain the great variety of living things
2. observed that organisms produce more offspring than can possibly survive and some offspring are more likely than others to survive and reproduce
3. these characteristics would tend to become more prevalent in the population in future generations

Front 2

Artificial Selection

Back 2

selection conducted under human direction; intentional breeding for certain traits or combinations of traits
-synonymous with selective breeding

Front 3

natural selection

Back 3

process by which traits enhance survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently to future generations than those that do not, altering the genetic makeup of populations through time

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directional selection

Back 4

selections that drive a feature in one direction rather than another (larger or smaller, faster or slower)

Front 5

stabilizing selection

Back 5

produces intermediate traits that preserve the status quo

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disruptive selection

Back 6

traits diverge from their starting condition in two or more directions

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genetic variation

Back 7

combination of parents genes through sexual reproduction where genetic material is mixed or recombined so that a portion of each parent's genome is included in the genome of the offspring

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speciation

Back 8

the process by which new species are generated.

Front 9

How does speciation occur?

Back 9

many different ways, but most biologists consider the amin mode to be:
allopatric speciation

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Allopatric speciation

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species formation due to the physical separation of poputlations over some geographic distance i.e. glacial ice sheets, major rivers changing course, mountain ranges rising and dividing regions, drying climate evaporating lakes, warming/cooling temps changing

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extinction

Back 11

the dissaperance of a species from the earth

Hint 11

dinosaurs, wooley mammoth, sabertooth tigers

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K-T boundary

Back 12

the line dividing the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods

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Ordovician Extinction

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3rd largest mass extinction of 5; wiped out more than one-hundredd families of marine invertebrates

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K-T mass extinction event

Back 14

65 million years ago, brought an end to the dinosaurs and 70% of living species disappeared

Hint 14

best known extinction

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endangered species

Back 15

species facing extinction

Hint 15

pandas, bald eagles

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habitat fragmentation

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begins when gaps of a natural habitat are cleared. gewer populations can persist and species decrease with time
Causes: forest clearing, garming, road building, developments, ect.

Hint 16

reason we have wildlife parks and reserves in many cities and suburbs

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habitat destruction

Back 17

destroying a habitat completely for human development

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ecosystem

Back 18

all organisms and nonliving entities that occur and interact in a particular area at the same time

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species

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a population or group of populations of a particular type of organism whose members share certain characteristics and can breed freely with one another and produce fertile offspring

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population

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a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area. species are often composed of multiple populations

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Organization of living things

Back 21

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Hint 21

1. Kangaroos Play Cellos, Orangutans Fiddle, Gorillas Sing
2. Kings play chess others frequently get stoned

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Kingdom

Back 22

the highest classification in which living organisms are grouped

Hint 22

5 types: animal, plant, prokaryotes, protists, and fungi

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Phylum

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the primary subdivision of a taxonomic kingdom, grouping together all classes of organisms that have the same body plan.

Hint 23

arthropods, chordates, mollusks

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classification of a man

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Kingdom: animalia
Phylum: vertebrata
Class: mammalia
Order: primates
Family: Hominidae
genus: homo
species: sapiens

Hint 24

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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Classification of a dog and cat?

Back 25

Cat/Dog:
Animalia
vertebrata
mammalia
carnivora
felidae/canidae
felis/canis
domesticus

Hint 25

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

like human somewhat

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food web/chain

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a visual representation of feeding interactions within an ecological community that shows an array of relationships between organisms at different trophic levels

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biodiversity

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the sum total of all organisms in an area taking into account the diversity of species, their genes, their populations, and their communities