Biology 102 Final Exam

Front 1

Which of the following statements is NOT correct in terms of modern evolutionary theory?

Back 1

Young do not inherit characters acquired by their parents.

Front 2

What is a scientific hypothesis?

Back 2

A tentative answer to a question about some natural phenomenon.

Front 3

According to our best evidence, which of the following evolved after early modern humans had migrated out of Africa?

Back 3

Control of fire.

Front 4

Using standard genetic notation, if an Aa male breeds with an Aa female; how many of their offspring will be homozygous?

Back 4

Two out of four.

Front 5

Alternative versions of a gene for a given character are called:

Back 5

Alleles

Front 6

Where does translation occur during protein synthesis in a eukaryotic cell?

Back 6

In ribosomes.

Front 7

Which of the following statements is NOT true of DNA?

Back 7

The base C normally joins with the base T.

Front 8

Which of the following is NOT true of respiration in an animal cell?

Back 8

Respiration produces ADP from oxygen and water.

Front 9

Which of the following equations best describes the process of photosynthesis?

Back 9

Water + carbon dioxide -> glucose + oxygen

Front 10

Which of the following is the best explanation for why cloned individuals might differ from one another in certain aspects of phenotype?

Back 10

Because phenotypes are generated by interactions of genes with environments.

Front 11

Which of the following is true about cell devision?

Back 11

Tumors arise from uncontrolled cell division.

Front 12

If I wanted to clone YOU, which of the following methods would I use?

Back 12

I'd take the nucleus from one of your body cells and put it into an egg whose own nucleus has been removed.

Front 13

A new drug, called Reprohibin, prevents the pituitary from producing LH in both sexes. Which of the following hypotheses might best explain how this drug acts as an agent for birth control?

Back 13

It blocks ovulation and the production of testosterone.

Front 14

Which of the following is true of the pituitary gland?

Back 14

It produces FSH, LH and oxytocin.

Front 15

Another new drug, called Tumoricide, inhibits the activity of proto-oncogenes in cells. Which of the following hypotheses might best explain how this drug acts in the treatment of cancer?

Back 15

It stops or slows mitosis.

Front 16

Endocrine disrupters:

Back 16

Can be hormone mimics and are chemicals that scramble messages of the endocrine system.

Front 17

Hormones:

Back 17

Typically act at very low concentrations.

Front 18

Examples of chemicals that act as endocrine disrupters include:

Back 18

All of the above (PCB's, DDT, some pesticides, some plastics)

Front 19

Based on information you received in lecture on hormones made for medicinal uses (i.e Insulin) and information on endocrine disrupters, is hormone-treated beef likely to be completely safe?

Back 19

Likely not, because the hormones used to treat beef are identical to hormones that act in humans.

Front 20

Photosynthesis:

Back 20

Releases O2 into the atmosphere.

Front 21

Vascular systems were a key innovation in plant evolution because they:

Back 21

Allowed plants to become taller and more efficient at nutrient transport.

Front 22

Some studies have shown that the number of sperm in men:

Back 22

Is decreasing in both the USA and Europe.

Front 23

Which term below includes all others in the list?

Back 23

Vascular plant (angiosperm, seed producing plant, fern, gymnosperm)

Front 24

Like animals, plants produce:

Back 24

Many more sperm than eggs.

Front 25

Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are:

Back 25

Both genetically identical to their parents and genetically identical to siblings.

Front 26

In plants two sperm cells enter the ovule, but only one fuses with the egg. The other sperm cell fuses with two nuclei to form the endosperm.

Back 26

True

Front 27

Currently in the USA, all foods containing genetically modified organisms (e.g. corn, tomatoes etc.):

Back 27

Do not have to be labeled.

Front 28

What may be some of the reasons for the decline in honeybees and other insect pollinators?

Back 28

All of the above (competition from introduced species like the Africanized honeybee, habitat destruction, misuse of pesticides)

Front 29

Risks associated with GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms) include:

Back 29

All of the above (Health risks associated with novel combinations of proteins, environmental risks associated with the invasion of GMOs into new habitats, environmental risks associated with the poisoning of non-target wildlife)

Front 30

Which of the following genes have not been inserted into GM crops?

Back 30

Insect susceptibility genes.

Front 31

"Super weeds" are

Back 31

Both weeds that may crossbreed with closely related GM crop and weeds that can be resistant to natural predators or herbicides.

Front 32

The growth of populations can be limited by:

Back 32

All of the above (Natural disturbances, weather, food shortages)

Front 33

In a population that has a logistic growth curve, after an initial period of increase the number of individuals:

Back 33

Remains near the carrying capacity.

Front 34

What is the most likely reason that the global human population experienced exponential population growth, without much evidence of population regulation to date?

Back 34

We have probably been able to increase the Earth's carrying capacity with technology and medicine.

Front 35

The shape of a fish's jaw influences what the fish can eat. Researchers have found that the jaws of two fish species were more similar when they lived in separate lakes than when they lived together in the same lake. The increased difference in jaw structure when the fish live in the same lake is a potential example of:

Back 35

Character displacement

Front 36

The age structure of humans in Mexico is as follows: 50% pre-reproductive age, 30% reproductive age, 20% post-reproductive age. What do you predict will happen to the number of people in Mexico?

Back 36

Increase

Front 37

Predation and parasitism are similar in that both can be characterized as:

Back 37

+/- interactions

Front 38

Pollinator mutualisms are special interactions involving ______, which receive food or a place to lay eggs, and _______, which receive pollen from others of their kind.

Back 38

Insects; plants

Front 39

An example of Batesian mimicry is:

Back 39

A moth larva whose head can inflate and look like a snake.

Front 40

The conversion of N2 gas to a form of nitrogen that can be used by plants is called:

Back 40

Nitrogen fixation

Front 41

A directional process of species replacement over time in a community is called:

Back 41

Succession

Front 42

Eutrophication is the stimulation of plant growth (algae) from ______ amounts of nitrogen and phosphorous, leading to lakes with ______ oxygen at the bottom

Back 42

Large; too little

Front 43

Organisms that can produce their own food from an external source of energy without having to eat other organisms are called:

Back 43

Producers

Front 44

There are five basic trophic (feeding) levels in any food web. Of the following levels, which level is correctly matched with the group of organisms that occupy it?

Back 44

Secondary consumer- Predator eating herbivore

Front 45

A new species is introduced into a given area. The population size begins to grow slowly, then at a very rapid rate, and finally levels off at a stable number. This pattern is an example of a(n):

Back 45

Logistic population growth curve

Front 46

Which of the following is not one of the factors contributing to the decline of the migratory North American songbirds?

Back 46

Not enough bird feeders used during winter habitat in the U.S.

Front 47

Habitat fragmentation is detrimental, because

Back 47

All of the above (Fragments are isolated from each other so individuals in separate fragments can no longer interact with each other, Fragments have a greater amount of edge relative to area of habitat, Fragment centers are closer to the edge than non fragment areas, Fragment edges are more prone to fires and other disturbances)

Front 48

Shade coffee plantations are beneficial to birds and other wildlife, because:

Back 48

Coffee is grown along side native trees, which provide food and shelter for the birds.

Front 49

Which of the following was not caused by the introduction of cheatgrass to the inter-mountain West? (Intermountain West = area between the coastal mountain range and the Rocky Mountains in WA, ID, MT, UT, WY.)

Back 49

An increase in the growth of native shrubs.

Front 50

Island species are more vulnerable to species introductions because island species are frequently naive to predators and may not realize that they are a threat.

Back 50

True

Front 51

Which of the following is not considered a threat to species today?

Back 51

Scientific research (other choices are rainforest destruction, human population growth, and climate change)

Front 52

The "tens rule" in Conservation Biology states that:

Back 52

10% of introduced species become established, and 10% of those will become pests.

Front 53

Mass extinctions:

Back 53

Are periods of time in which many species went extinct throughout Earth.

Front 54

What would be the best strategy for saving a population that is in an extinction vortex?

Back 54

Determining the minimum viable population (MVP) size.

Front 55

Species richness:

Back 55

Can only be measured in terms of ecosystem productivity.

Front 56

The milk-letdown reflex and a newborn's rooting behavior are good examples of learned behaviors in humans:

Back 56

False

Front 57

Learning:

Back 57

Depends on an organism's past experience.

Front 58

Which of the following statements about learned behaviors is true?

Back 58

Learned behaviors provide animals with flexible responses.

Front 59

Which of the following provides an example of habituation?

Back 59

Aquarium fish are initial startled by tapping on the aquarium glass but eventually ignore it.

Front 60

A honeybee returning to the hive from a food source performs a waggle dance with the run ("waggle" portion of the dance) oriented straight to the left on the vertical surface. Most likely, this means that the food is located:

Back 60

90 degrees left of the line from the hive to the sun.

Front 61

Animals that live in groups:

Back 61

Can reap benefits that compensate for increased competition among group members.

Front 62

Which of the following is not an example of altruistic behavior?

Back 62

A butterfly lays an egg.

Front 63

Reproduction success in males is limited by access to females. A consequence of this is:

Back 63

None of the above (Sexual selection for brighter plumage in birds, Sexual selection for bigger manes in lions, sexual selection for bigger antler in moose)

Front 64

Which of the following is true about how female animals chose their mates?

Back 64

Females tend to choose mates more carefully than males do.

Front 65

In regions of hot temperatures and wet climate, you will most likely find ______ biomes, whereas in regions of hot temperatures and dry climate you will find ______ biomes.

Back 65

Tropical; desert

Front 66

What aspect(s) of climate most strongly influence the location of terrestrial biomes?

Back 66

Temperature and precipitation

Front 67

The reason why caribou migrate to the coastal plain in ANWR (Arctic National Wildlife Refuge) is,

Back 67

To find better forage.

Front 68

Which of the following terrestrial biomes are contained within ANWR (Arctic National Wildlife Refuge)?

Back 68

Arctic tundra and boreal forests.

Front 69

CO2 absorbs (reflects back) some of the ______ that radiates from the surface of the Earth to space.

Back 69

Heat

Front 70

The cycling of nutrients between organisms and the physical environment is called:

Back 70

Nutrient cycling

Front 71

Free services provided to humans by ecosystems include

Back 71

All of the above (Control of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, Prevention of soil erosion, Filtering of pollutants from water and air)

Front 72

Global warming may have many adverse effects on natural ecosystems. Which of the following is not an effect on natural ecosystems?

Back 72

Character Displacement

Front 73

______ greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, result in ______ in the greenhouse effect.

Back 73

More; an increase

Front 74

Do human alterations of nutrient cycles have international effect?

Back 74

Yes, because several nutrients cycles have atmospheric components.

Front 75

CFC (Chlorofluorocarbon) molecules found in the atmosphere:

Back 75

Are responsible for the thinning of the Ozone layer.