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54 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Cell theory

• All animals and plants were made of cells


• the cell is the basic unit for all organism


• cells arise dorm only pre-existing cells

Spontaneous generation

False theory about life coming form non-living things

Biogenesis

The theory thay we use today to explain how life forms

Redi

Raw meat experiment

Pasteur

Chicken broth experiment

1. Ocular lens/eyepiece (10X)


2.body tube


3.arm


4.coarse adjustment knob


5.fine adjustment knob


6.base


7.revolving nose piece


8. Objective lenes


9.stage clips


10. Stage


11. Diaphragm


12.lamp

Total mag

Mag ocular lens 10x(the lens you look into) ×objective lens

Nuclear envelope

What surrounds the nucleus; has pores to allow the transport of materials

Nucleus

Contains DNA, the genetic material of the cell, and directs all cellular activities

Cell membrane

- protective barrier for the cell


- regulates the passage of materials between the cell and it's environment

Phospholipid bilayer

Double layer of outward-facing phosphates and inward-facing fatter acids that form a cell membrane

Cytoplasm

- gel-like substance that contains nutrients and in which organelles are suspended

Chloroplasts

(ONLY FOUND IN PLANTS)


- Green organelle that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis

Vacoules

- storage space


- plant cells have one and animals cells have many


Vesicles

Transport substances throughout the cell


- Golgi apparatus transports things that need to be transported into vesicles

Edoplasmic reticulum(ER)

- Transport tubes


- smooth ER does not contain ribosomes


- rough ER does contain ribosomes

Ribosomes

Used to make proteins

Lysomes

Digestion centre for the cell

Golgi apparatus

Packages materials into vesicles so they can be transported in the cell

Mitochondria

- where cellular respiration happens


- makes energy for the cell(powerhouse of the cell)

Who coined the term "cells"

Robert hooke

Who created the compound microscope

Janssen

Compound microscopes

Light microscope using more than one lens

Who discovered the movement of different single called micro-organisms

Leeuwenhoek

Contrast

The ability to see differences between structures due to differences in their capability to absorb light

Resolution

Distinguish between two structures that are very close together

Contrast enhancing technique and fluorescence microscopy

Provides information about molecules on the cells surface

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Uses a beam of electroms to produce images with fine details

Diffusion

The movement of molecules from am area of higher concentration to lower concentration

Facilitated diffusion

Diffusion of molecules across a membrane through binding to carrier proteins (does not require energy from ATP

ATP

Adenosine triphospate:


- nucleotide that releases stored energy in a cell

Rate of diffusion

The relative movement of a particle in response to a concentration gradient

Concentration gradient

Difference within a given area between the highest and lowest concentrations of a particular chemical substance

Passive transport

- requires NO ENERGY


- moves from high to low


- moves WITH the concentration gradient

active transport

- requires energy (ATP)


- Low to high


AGAINST concentration gradient

Selectively permeable

A natural membrane that allows certain particles to press through it but excludes others (cell membrane is this)

Semi-permeable

- passage materials determined by size, charge, and solubility (used in osmosis)

Osmosis

The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane

Hypertonic

More solute outside the cell; more water in the cell(Hyper = excessive) there's an excessive amount of water in the cell

Hypotonic

More solute inside the cell; more water outside(Hypo = less than normal), less water in the cell than Normal

Isotonic

Same concentration of solutes and water in solution as in cell

Plasmolysis

When cells lose water and shrink

Cytolysis

When cells gain water and swell/may even bursy

Homeostasis

State of equalinrium

Channel proteins

Pores for small water soluble particles to pass through


- moves high to low

Carrier proteins


Attach to larger molecules, change shape and physically brings it inside the cell

Endocytosis

Movement into the cell


Steps


1. Vesicles forms around particle


2. Cell membrane pinches off


3. Vesicles noe inside cell

Exocytosis

- movement out of the cell(for waste particles or cell products)


Steps


1. Vesicles surrounds particle in cell


2. Moves to membrane and fuses with it


3. Vesicles ruptures, releasing contents

What's the difference between an animal cell and a plant cell

Plants have a cell wall and chloroplasts(photosynthesis)


- Plants have one huge vacoule while the animal one has many

1.nucleus


2.nuclear envelope


3.cell wall


4.cell membrane


5.vacoule


6.cytoplasm


7.chloroplasts


8.Mitochondria


9.Golgi apparatus


10.smooth ER


11.ribosomes


12.rough ER

1.nucleus


2.nuclear envelope


3.smooth ER


4.lysosomes


5.Golgi apparatus


6.cell membrane


7.cytoplasm


8.Mitochondria


9. Centrioles


10.ribosomes


11.rough ER


Surface area to volume ration

SA:V

Phototropism

Direction plant growth in response to light


(Positive)- leaves


(Negative)- roots

Gravitropism

Directional plant growth in response to gravity


(Positive)- roots, anything facing downwards


(Negative)- stem, anything facing upwards