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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the general features of animals?
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1 are heterotrophs - organism that obtains energy from organic substances
2 multicellular 3 cells SANS cell walls 4 most are able to move 5 animals are diverse in form of habitat 6 most produce sexually 7 have a characteristic pattern og embryonic development 8 cells are organized into tissues (except sponges) |
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What are the 5 key transitions that can be noted in animal evolution?
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tissues
symmetry body cavity development segmentation |
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Taxonomist generally divide the kingdom animalia into what 2 categories?
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Parazoa -no tissues
Eumetazoa - tissues |
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Animals with symmetry belong to which two groups?
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radial symmetry - ectoderm and endoderm; has a central adxis that divides organism in several halves
bilateral symmetry - organism has a line of symmetry or mirror image with a right and left portion |
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The bilateral group of symmetry produces which three germ layers?
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ectoderm = skin and nervous system
endoderm = lining of gut and part of digestive organs mesoderm = organs, muslces, bone, connective tissues |
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What is cephalization?
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the existence of a "head" portion on an organism through bilateral symmetry
a top and bottom |
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What is a blastula?
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a ball of cells
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What are the three basic body plans/cavities that have evolved from bilateral symmetry?
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acoelomates = no body cavity
pseudocoelomates = body cavity called the pseudocoel located between mesoderm and endoderm coelomates = fluid-filled body cavity called coelom that develops entirely; within mesoderm |
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What is special about the coelomate body cavity?
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it has a circulatory system
open = heart mo vessels closed - heart and vessels |
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Based on the bilateral development which two divisions are organism placed under?
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protosomes (first mouth) and deuterostomes (second mouth)
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List the development of a protosome?
PICTURES PG 626 |
spiral cleavage
determinated development = will always develop into specific tissue; seperation kills it blastopore develops mouth formation of coelom |
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List the development of a deuterostome?
PICTURES PG 62 |
radial cleavage
indeterminate development = can develop different tissues depending upon seperation from other cells blstopore develops anus formation of coelom |
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What are 2 important advantages of segmentation?
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damage to a segmented body part will not prove fatal = organism is made out of duplicated segments = worm
locomotion |
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What are the prorifera and its structure?
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the parazoa (lack tissues)sponges
sessible simplest animal structure: choanocytes = line interior and move H2O in and out amboebocytes -= produces spongin and makes gametes |
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What is Rdiata and what invertabrate is under this category?
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presence of tissues = endo and ectoderm
no meso = no organs are symmetrical Cnidarians |
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Describe the Cnidarians:
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- are under radiata so have epidermis (ecto) and gastrodermis (endo)
- radiata symmetry - 2 body forms: medusae = free swimming polyp = sessile - tentacles, gastrovascular cavity, and mouth |
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What are the bilateria groups?
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acoelomates
pseudocoelomates coelomates HAVE 3 connective tissues = organs |
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What invertebrates are grouped under the acoelomates?
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platyhelminthes/flatworms and nemertea/ribbonworms
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Describe the platyhelminthes/flatworms uner the acoelomates:
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- bilateral = 3 connective tissues
- 3 groups: cestoda/tapeworms trematoda/flukes planaria/turbellaria - acoelomate = no body cavity - eyespots/ocelli = nervous system - sac-like incomplete gut w/ only one opening simplest animals in which organs occur |
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What two categories are under pseudocoelomates?
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Nematoda/roundworms
rotifera/rotifers |
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Describe the nematodes of the pseudocoelomates:
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- body filled cavities seperate endo and meso
- bilaterally symmetrical - cuticle - mouth to anus - sexual |
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Describe the rotifers of the pseudocoelomates:
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- body filled cavities seperate endo and meso
- bilaterally symmetrical - complete complex gut from mouth to anus |
