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77 Cards in this Set
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lophophore |
feeding structure |
character of lophotrochozoa |
|
choanoflagellates |
free-living unicellular eukaryotes with flagellum |
in supergroup unikonta |
|
excavata |
supergroup of protists |
|
|
chromalveolata |
supergroup of protists |
e.g. paramecium |
|
rhizaria |
supergroup of protists |
e.g. amoeba |
|
archaeplastida |
supergroup of protists |
e.g. algae |
|
unikonta |
supergroup of protists |
e.g. amoeba |
|
collar cells |
around the flagellum |
maintain a flow of water through the body |
|
hox gene |
control the body plan of an embryo along the anterior-posterior axis |
|
|
porifera |
basal animals, lack true tissues, two cell layers |
e.g. sponges |
|
cnidaria |
diploblastic, radial symmetry, polyp or medusa body shape |
e.g. jellies, anemones, corals |
|
echinodermata |
spiny skin, can regenerate |
|
|
chordata |
have a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, muscular post-anal tail, pharyngeal gill arches/slits |
what are the four defining characteristics? |
|
nematoda |
pseudocoelom, body covered with a cuticle, ubiquitous, free-living or parasitic |
the roundworms |
|
arthropoda |
segmented body, exoskeleton with jointed appendages |
|
|
platyhelminthes |
rudimentary cephalization with eye-spots, an incomplete gut, and a solid body plan (acoelomate) |
the flatworms |
|
brachiopoda |
lophophores, protostomes, radial cleavage |
the lamp shells, not clams! |
|
annelida |
the segmented worms, trochophore larval stage |
|
|
mollusca |
trochophore larval stage, muscular foot, mantle, radula, visceral mass |
e.g. snail, clams, cuttlefish |
|
cephalization |
formation of a head with bilateral symmetry |
clustering of neurons |
|
cleavage |
multicellularity |
event in early embryo development |
|
blastula |
hollow singular layer of cells |
type of embryo |
|
gastrulation |
primitive gut formation |
blastopore forms |
|
radiata |
radial symmetry |
clade |
|
bilateria |
bilateral symmetry |
clade |
|
diploblastic |
two germ layers |
endoderm and ectoderm |
|
triploblastic |
three germ layers |
endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm |
|
cnidyocyte |
venomous stinging cell with thread containing capsules called nematocysts |
cell found in cnidarians |
|
anthozoa |
class of phylum cnidaria |
e.g. coral, anemones |
|
scyphozoa |
class of phylum cnidaria |
e.g. jellies |
|
hydrozoa |
class of phylum cnidaria |
e.g. hydra |
|
protostomia |
blastopore becomes the mouth, spiral cleavage |
clade |
|
deuterostome |
blastopore becomes the anus, radial cleavage |
clade |
|
coelom |
body cavity |
most triploblastic animals have things |
|
(eu)coelomates |
mesoderm on all sides |
e.g. earthworm |
|
psudeocoelomates |
partially lined with mesoderm |
e.g. roundworm |
|
acoelomates |
no coelom |
e.g. flatworms |
|
ampullae |
connect to tube feet |
in starfish |
|
asteroidea |
class of phylum echinodermata |
e.g. starfish |
|
echinoidea |
class of phylum echinodermata |
e.g. sea urchin |
|
holothuroidea |
class of phylum echinodermata |
e.g. sea cucumber |
|
chordates |
have a notochord |
what is the defining characteristic? |
|
vertebrates |
have a head and vertebral column |
what is the defining characteristic? |
|
gnathostomes |
have jaws and a mineralized skeleton |
e.g. cartilaginous fish, sharks |
|
tetrapod |
have four limbs with digits |
e.g. amphibians |
|
osteichthyes |
have lungs or lung derivatives |
what is the defining characteristic? |
|
amniotes |
have amniotic egg |
e.g. reptiles and mammals |
|
cephalochordata |
chordate characters in both larvae and adults |
e.g. lancelets |
|
urochordata |
larvae have chordate characters, adults do not |
e.g. tunicates |
|
burgess shale and chenjiang deposits |
fossil deposits in which basal chordates were found |
located in British Columbia and in China |
|
mammals |
milk and hair |
what are the defining characteristics? |
|
monotremes |
mammals that lay eggs |
e.g. platypus |
|
marsupials |
mammals with short gestation periods - development continues outside the womb |
e.g. kangaroos |
|
eutherials |
long gestation periods |
e.g. humans |
|
lophotrochozoa |
protostome with continuous growth, ciliated structures |
clade within protostomia |
|
trochophore |
common larval form with several bands of cilia |
larvae |
|
turbellaria |
class of phylum platyhelminthes |
traditional flatworm |
|
trematoda |
class of phylum platyhelminthes |
e.g. parasitic flukes |
|
cestoda |
class of phylum platyhelminthes |
e.g. parasitic tapeworms |
|
inarticulata |
class of phylum brachiopoda |
has a complete gut |
|
articulata |
class of phylum brachiopoda |
has a hinge and an incomplete gut |
|
gastropoda |
class of phylum mollusca |
e.g. snails, slugs |
|
bivalvia |
class of phylum mollusca |
e.g. scallops, clams, oysters, mussels |
|
cephalopoda |
class of phylum mollusca |
e.g. cuttlefish, octopi, squid |
|
chromatophore |
pigment-containing cell, pigments in granules |
found in cephalopoda |
|
polychaeta |
class of phylum annelida |
have many hairs/bristles on fleshy lobes |
|
oligochaeta |
class of phylum annelida |
no fleshly appendages, terrestial |
|
hirudinea |
class of phylum annelida |
e.g. leeches |
|
ecdysis |
moulting |
step-wise growth |
|
ecdysozoa |
protostome with tough cuticle, stepwise growth, periodic moulting |
very abundant, clade within protostomia |
|
cheliceriformes |
subphylum of arthropoda, all have chelicerae |
e.g. spiders, mites, scorpions, ticks |
|
eurypterids |
class of cheliceriformes |
marine species, mostly extinct e.g. horseshoe crab, sea spider |
|
chelicerae |
venom-delivery fangs |
found in cheliceriformes such as spiders and scorpions |
|
arachnids |
class of cheliceriformes |
uniramous appendages (1 branch), two tagmata: cephalothorax and abdomen e.g. scorpions, ticks, mites, and spiders |
|
myriapoda |
subphylum of arthropoda |
e.g. centipedes (carnivorous), millipedes (herbivorous) |
|
hexapoda |
subphylum of arthropoda |
insects, six legs, light-weight chitinous exoskeleton, metamorphosis, three tagmata: head, thorax, abdomen |
|
crustacea |
subphylum of arthropoda |
biramous appendages (2 branches: gill branch, walking tip), two tagmata: cephalothorax, abdomen |