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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Brightfield
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Uses visible light as a source of illumination; cannot resolve structures smaller than about 0.2 um; specimen appears against a bright background. Inexpensive and easy to use.
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Darkfield
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Uses a special condenser with an opaque disk that blocks light from entering the objective lens directly; light reflected by specimen enters the objective lens, and the specimen appears light against a black background.
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Phase-contrast
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Uses a special condenser containing an annular (ring-shaped) diaphragm. The diaphragm allows direct light to pass through the condenser, focusing light on the specimen and a diffraction plate in the objective lens. No staining required.
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Flourescence
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Uses an ultraviolet or near-ultraviolet source of illumination that causes fluorescent compounds (green-colored) in a specimen to emit light.
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Confocal
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Uses a single photon to illuminate one plane of a specimen at a time.
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Two-Photon
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Uses two photons to illuminate a specimen
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Scanning Acoustic
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Uses a sound wave of specific frequency that travels through the specimen with a portion being reflected when it hits an interface within the material.
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Transmission Electron
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Uses a beam of electrons instead of light; electrons pass through the specimen; because of the shorter wavelength of electrons, structures smaller than 0.2 um can be resolved. Two-dimensional image.
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Scanning Electron
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Three-dimensional.
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Sarr II (pelagibacter ubique)
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The most common microbe in the world. Gram negative. Small genome. Name means: ocean, bacterium, unique. In water samples
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What are the 3 domains?
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Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
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What are the Eukaryotes?
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Fungi, protists, protozoa, algae, animals
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Viruses
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Non-cellular. Cannot reproduce on own, just parasites. Associated with all kingdoms. Host-specific
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Prokaryotes
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No true nucleus. Bacteria and archea. 1-10 microns.
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Eukaryotes
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membrane bound organeles. Protozoa, fungi, algae, multicellular organisms. Typical size 10-100 microns.
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Linnaeus
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Came up with technique of classifying organisms. Did not include domain. Capitalized genus, lower cased species.
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Hooke
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Named cells. Looked at cork under microscope. Cells used to be called genules.
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Antony van Leeuwenhoek
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Made microscopes. Each microscope devoted to specific microbe. Called them animalcules. Published his work.
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Streptococcus mutans
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Relevant to pre-dental. Gram positive cocci. Part of normal flora. Takes sucrose and breaks it down to glucose + fructose. Makes chains of glucose (dextrin) and leads to break down of teeth.
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Redi
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Against spontaneous generation. Tried to prove by sealing jars. Maggots appeared only when flies were able to lay eggs.
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Needham
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For spontaneous generation. Heated nutrient fluids, but found bacteria after cooling.
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