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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Gregor Mendel's genetic research
- focused on pea plants because they have fewer than four different heritable traits. - was not appreciated by the scientific community until after he died. - included detailed studies on the phenomena of codominance and incomplete dominance. - produced results that can be used to predict heritability in plants but not animals. |
was not appreciated by the scientific community until after he died.
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What is the term used to describe a trait that is controlled by many genes?
- polygenic - dominant - heritable - dihybrid |
polygenic
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Which of these describes influence on a trait that is due to genes and not environment?
- Identical twins Kiera and Tanya have different colored hair. - Sandy's hair becomes blonder when she spends time out in the sun. - Hair dye turns Angela's brown hair to red. - Jen has brown hair, just like her mother and father. |
Jen has brown hair, just like her mother and father.
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A mutation in a gene
- cannot result in a protein with a new function. - must result in the creation of a nonfunctional protein. - invariably results in a change in the phenotype of an organism. - might have no effect on the protein encoded by the gene. |
might have no effect on the protein encoded by the gene.
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Which of these produces genetic diversity in a population?
- independent assortment - segregation - random fertilization - mutation |
mutation
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What can be concluded about the ability of doctorate-category sperm to help produce children that are smarter than average?
- Children produced by this type of sperm have an approximately 72% chance of being more intelligent than average. - There is currently no way to predict whether children produced by this type of sperm will be smarter than average. - Children produced by this type of sperm will be smarter than average only if the mother has a high IQ. - Because intelligence has no genetic basis, there's no real reason to expect children produced by this type of sperm to be smarter than average. |
There is currently no way to predict whether children produced by this type of sperm will be smarter than average.
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Huntington's disease is caused by the allele H, which is completely dominant to the normal recessive allele h. Consider a couple where the man has the genotype Hh, and the woman has the genotype hh. What is the chance that their first child will develop Huntington's disease?
- 75% - 0% - 25% - 50% |
50%
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An individual who is a carrier for a recessive genetic disorder but does not have symptoms of the disorder is
- homozygous for the dominant allele. - either homozygous for the recessive allele or heterozygous. - heterozygous. - homozygous for the recessive allele. |
heterozygous.
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Which of the following is a cross between parents who each have two different alleles for each of two different genes?
- AaBB x AABb - AaBb x AaBb - aabb x AABB - AAbb x aaBB |
AaBb x AaBb
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Which of the following is true about genes that are located on different chromosomes?
- Only the dominant alleles of these genes tend to be inherited together. - These genes are inherited independently of each other. - These genes are more likely to undergo mutation. - These genes are always inherited together. |
These genes are inherited independently of each other.
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If the DNA contained in the chromosomes of an organism is similar to an instruction manual, then what are the genes "instructing" the cell to do?
- grow in size until a certain point is reached, then reproduce itself - convert carbohydrates into enzymes - change shape and structure to meet the demands of the local environment - synthesize specific proteins from amino acids |
synthesize specific proteins from amino acids
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Alternate forms of a gene are called
- chromosomes. - homologues. - gametes. - alleles. |
alleles.
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Typical quantitative traits
- are easy to follow using Punnett squares. - are not affected by the environment. - are usually influenced by only one gene. - show continuous variation. |
show continuous variation.
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Which of the following is a true statement about chromosomes?
- The most complex organisms have the largest number of chromosomes. - Only eukaryotic cells contain chromosomes. - Chromosomes are made of carbohydrates. - Genes are found on chromosomes. |
Genes are found on chromosomes.
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Which of the following pairs of people would provide the most useful information to geneticists, regarding the heritability of a certain trait?
- non-twin siblings separated into different households soon after birth - monozygotic twins separated into different households soon after birth - non-twin siblings raised in the same household since birth - monozygotic twins raised in the same household since birth |
monozygotic twins separated into different households soon after birth
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If a certain recessive allele can cause a change in cellular proteins that ultimately leads to circulatory problems and premature death, then
- any homozygous individual will always have an advantage over any heterozygous individual. - any heterozygous individual will always have an advantage over any homozygous individual. - any heterozygous individual will have an advantage over any homozygous recessive individual. - any homozygous individual will always have a disadvantage compared to any heterozygous individual. |
any heterozygous individual will have an advantage over any homozygous recessive individual.
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A heterozygous organism
- always shows a recessive trait. - has two different alleles of a gene. - has two identical alleles of a gene. - can't produce gametes. |
has two different alleles of a gene.
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Which if the following is the correct sequence of how an animal is "built"?
- meiosis ? fertilization ? embryo ? zygote - fertilization ? meiosis ? zygote ? embryo - meiosis ? fertilization ? zygote ? embryo - fertilization ? zygote ? meiosis ? embryo |
meiosis ? fertilization ? zygote ? embryo
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In humans, heterozygotes are referred to as ________, particularly when the recessive allele is associated with a genetic disease.
- vectors - qualitative - dizygotic - carriers |
carriers
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The large variation in shoe size among humans is due to a trait that is
- dizygotic. - quantitative. - polygenic. - qualitative. |
quantitative.
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Monozygotic (identical) twins are the result of
- two different sperm fertilizing two different eggs. - one egg being fertilized by two different sperm. - one embryo splitting to become two embryos. - one sperm fertilizing two different eggs. |
one embryo splitting to become two embryos.
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