Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
2 roles of glycolysis
|
1. degrades glucose to generate ATP
2. provides building blocks for synthetic reactions |
|
what enzymes are used in glycolysis?
|
1. hexokinase
2. phosphofructokinase 3. pyruvate kinase |
|
what controls muscle glycolysis?
|
ratio ATP to AMP
|
|
how does phosphofructokinase change?
|
most important in control. most sensitive. high levels of atp inhibit the enzyme. this protects muscle from producing too much acid
|
|
how does hexokinase change?
|
inhibited by its product, glucose-6-phosphate. negative feedback. inhibition of phosphofructokinase inhibits hexokinase
|
|
pyruvate kinase
|
activated by fructose 1,6 phosphate. final step of glycolysis
|
|
lactate is convert to __ in the liver
|
glucose
|
|
in the liver, phophofuctokinase is inhibited by
|
citrate
|
|
abudance of fructose 6-phosphate leads to a higher concentration of
|
F-2, 6-BP
|
|
glycolysis is acc when glucose is abundant. example of
|
feed forward stimulation
|
|
what enzyme montiors blood glucose level?
|
glucokinase, helps assmeble fatty acids
|
|
pyruvate kinase
|
L liver type
M muscle type |
|
GLU1, GLU3
|
basal glucose uptake at constant rate. low Km 1mL
|
|
GLU2
|
in liver and pancretic cells. insulin signals to remove glucose from the blood. high Km 15-20 mM
|
|
GLU4
|
transfers glucose to fat and muscle cell Km 5 mM
|
|
GLU5
|
in intestines, fructose transporter
|
|
def of gluconeogensis
|
synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors
|
|
gluconeiogenisis pathway
|
pyrucate to glucose
|
|
majoynoncarb precursoes
|
lactate, amino acids, glycerol
|
|
when does lactate and some aa enter the glu pthway?
|
begininng w pyruvate
|
|
ezyme that goes from pyruvate to oxaloacetate
|
pyruvate carboxylase
|
|
where do more aa enter the glu pathway?
|
ooa
|
|
what enzyme converts lactate to pyruvate?
|
lactat dehydrogenase
|
|
some gluconeogensis takes place
|
(liver, kidney) brain, skeletal muscle, heart muscle
|
|
bypass 1
|
1 pyruvate to ooa, using pyruvate carboxylate
2 ooa to phosphoenolpyruvate, using phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase |
|
bypass 2
|
fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate, by hydrolysis of the phosphate ester
|
|
bypass 3
|
glucose-6-phosphate to glucose, by hydrolysis
|
|
special structure of pyruvate carboxylate
|
ATP grasp domain
|
|
bitoi serves as a carrier of
|
co2 and adds it to form the co2
|
|
in order for biotin to be carboxylated
|
coA is bound to the the enzyme
|
|
ooa must be transported thorugh the memebrane in the form of
|
reduced to malate and then oxidized converted back later
|
|
what happens to form phosphoenolpyruvate?
|
decarboxylated (remove co2) and phosphorylated (P added from GTP)
|