Bio181-Test#1

Front 1

Atom

Back 1

smallest unit of matter that still contains properties of an element

Contains:

Nucleus-Protons & Neutrons, and Electron Cloud- Electrons

Front 2

Mass

Back 2

amount of matter and energy in a given object

Front 3

Matter

Back 3

anything that has mass and takes up space

is composed of elements

Front 4

Element

Back 4

is a substance entirely made up of one type of atom

Front 5

What is a subatomic particle?

Back 5

Building Blocks of an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons

Front 6

An atom is composed of --------,--------,&---------.

Back 6

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Front 7

The nucleus contains the ------,&------.

Back 7

Protons and Neurons

Front 8

The ------ are found in the electron cloud

Back 8

Electrons

Front 9

Protons: Charge:

Mass (weight):

Location:

Back 9

Protons: Charge: Positive (+)

Mass (weight): 1 AMU

Location: Nucleus

Front 10

Neutrons: Charge:

Mass (weight):

Location:

Back 10

Neutrons: Charge: NONE

Mass (weight): 1 AMU Location: Nuecleus

Front 11

Electrons: Charge:

Mass (weight): Location:

Back 11

Electrons: Charge: Negative(-) Mass (weight):0 Location: Electron Cloud

Front 12

How does an atom gain a charge?

Back 12

When it loses or gains an electron

Front 13

What are two types of charges?

Back 13

postive(+) & negative(-)

Front 14

What is an ion?

Back 14

an atom with a charge

Front 15

What are the two types of ions?

Back 15

cation & anion

Front 16

Cation

Back 16

positively charged atom

Front 17

Anion

Back 17

negatively charged atom

Front 18

What is an isotope?

Back 18

an atom with a different number of neutrons and protons

Front 19

What is atomic mass?

Back 19

the mass of an atom of a chemical element in AMU

Front 20

Define the tem molecule.

Back 20

two or more atoms joined together

Front 21

Give an example of a molecule

Back 21

H20 Polarization

S-

O

---- ----

H H

S+ S+

Front 22

What is electronegativity?

Back 22

-the name for the force that causes polarity

-an atoms affinity for an electron

-the more electronegative an atom is, the more affinity it has on an electron

Front 23

What element is the most electronegative?

Back 23

Front 24

What is a chemical bond?

Back 24

-the connections between the atoms in a compound

- the lasting attraction between atoms that enable the formation of a chemical compounds

Front 25

Name three types of chemical bonds?

Back 25

Polar Covalent, Non polar Covalent, & Ionic

Front 26

What happens when an ionic bond forms?

Back 26

-(bond between two atoms)

-an electron is striped away from one atom and gained by the other

-resulting in two oppositely charged atoms

*the atom with the highest electronegativity takes the electron*

Front 27

What is the difference between a polar and non polar covalent bond?

Back 27

Polar-two atoms unequally share their valence electrons

&

Non Polar-two atoms equally share their valence electrons

Front 28

What is a Hydrogen bond?

Back 28

a weak attraction between hydrogen and another oppositely charged atom

Front 29

Example of a hydrogen bond?

Back 29

Front 30

Cohesion

VS

Adhesion

Back 30

Cohesion-water sticks to water

VS

Adhesion-water sticks to something else

Front 31

Define and give example:

Acid

Back 31

-any species that donates H ions in solution

-A chemical that releases (H^+1) ions

Front 32

Define and give example:

Base

Back 32

-any species that donates -OH in solution

-A chemical that accepts (H^+1) ions

Front 33

Define and give example:

pH

Back 33

Power of Hydrogen

Scale on which acids and bases are measured

Front 34

Define and give example:

Buffer

Back 34

-a species that maintains pH

-a chemical that accepts/releases (H^+1) as necessary to keep pH constant

Front 35

Covalent Bond

Back 35

forms when two atoms share 2 or more valence electrons

strength depends on the number of electron pairs shared by the atoms

Front 36

What is a molecule?

Back 36

-representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction

-a group of two or more atoms bonded together

-can bond together to form larger molecules

Front 37

Carbon can bond to ---- other atoms.

Back 37

Four

Front 38

A Hydrocarbon is composed of ---- and ---- atoms.

Back 38

Hydrogen, Carbon

Front 39

Hydrocarbons are ---- molecules.

Back 39

Organic

Front 40

A monomer is composed of ---- and are ---- ---- for polymers.

Back 40

molecules, building blocks

Front 41

Polymers are composed of ----.

Back 41

Monomers

Front 42

Poly means----.

Back 42

many

Front 43

Mono means ----.

Back 43

one

Front 44

Mer means ----.

Back 44

unit.

Front 45

------ ------ are found on monomers and are involved in chemical bonding of one monomer to another.

Back 45

Functional Groups

Front 46

Name the four Functional Groups.

Back 46

Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino

Front 47

Draw the following Functional Group:

Hydroxyl

Back 47

Front 48

Draw the following Functional Group:

Carbonyl

Back 48

Front 49

Draw the following Functional Group:

Carboxyl

Back 49

Front 50

Draw the following Functional Group:

Amino

Back 50

Front 51

What is the formula for the three monosaccharides?

Back 51

C6 H12 O6

Front 52

Name the three monosaccharides (and where the stem from).

Back 52

Glucose (Plant Sugar), Fructose (Fruit Sugar), Galactose (one or the other).

Front 53

What is the bond between two monosaccharides called and what does it form?

Back 53

Glycosidic Linkage, Disaccharides

Front 54

Glucose bonded to Glucose

Back 54

Maltose

Front 55

Glucose bonded to Fructose

Back 55

Sucrose (table sugar)

Front 56

Glucose bonded to Galactose

Back 56

Lactose (milk sugar)

Front 57

Name three Polysaccharides.

Back 57

Glycogen, Starch, and Cellulose

Front 58

---- is the storage form of ---- in animals; stored in the muscle and liver tissue.

Back 58

Glycogen, Glucose

Front 59

---- is the storage form of ---- in Plants.

Back 59

Starch, Glucose

Front 60

---- is the main component of the fibril in the ridged plant cell wall.

Back 60

Cellulose

Front 61

A ---- ---- is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O).

Back 61

Peptide Bond

Front 62

A ---- ---- is a type of reaction used to bond monomers together and results in a chemical bond and a water molecule. This reaction is the opposite of Hydrolysis.

Back 62

Dehydration Synthesis (Reaction)

Front 63

------ is used to break a polymer in to two separate pieces and is the opposite of a dehydration reaction.

Back 63

Hydrolysis

Front 64

What are the four main biological marco molecules?

Back 64

1)Cabohydrates

2)Lipids

3)Proteins

4)Nucleic Acid

Front 65

Sacchar means ---- and mono means ----, so a monosaccharide is a ---- ----.

Back 65

sugar, single, single sugar

Front 66

What types of atoms are found in a carbohydrates molecule?

Back 66

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Front 67

Why are CHO important?

Back 67

Brain can only use glucose to produce energy.

Primary Source of Energy for Energy Production.

Front 68

Are CHO essential?

What does the term essential mean?

Back 68

NO, but still important.

Vital to life.