Bio Lecture - Chapter 3

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

-The basic fundamental unit of life.

-Beginning of living structure in the body.

Front 2

Cell Theory by Robert Hook

Back 2

1. All living things are made up of cells.

2. All cells originate from pre-existing cells.

Front 3

Nucleus

Back 3

-Contains DNA (genetic material inside cell)

-Regulates Biochemical/life sustaining processes

Front 4

Mitochondria

Back 4

-"Powerhouse" converts glucose to ATP (energy)
-ATP = Adenosine Triphophate

-Cellular Respiration is process of production of ATP

Front 5

Ribosomes

Back 5

-Production or Synthesis of proteins

Front 6

Centriole

Back 6

-Regulates cell division (mitosis)

Front 7

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 7

-Facilitates intracellular trasport
1. Rough ER

- Contains Ribosomes

- Intracellular transport of proteins

2. Smooth ER

- No Ribosomes

- Intracellular transport of lipids

Front 8

Golgi

Back 8

-Makes & Packages complex molecules

i.e. glycolipids, glycoproteins, lipoproteins

Front 9

Lysosomes

Back 9

-Regulate and Control intracellular digestion

-Contains Hydrolytic Enzymes

-Supports Immunity (found in WBC)

-Digestion of bacteria

Front 10

Peroxisome

Back 10

Contains enzymes for breakdown of metabolic waste; storage of toxins. "Detoxification"

Front 11

Plasma Membrane (cell membrane)

Back 11

-Regulates movement of substances in/out of cell.

-Is selective: allows or doesn't allow somethings in or out.

Front 12

Membrane Transport via Plasma Membrane Structure

Back 12

Proteins

- Transmembrane

- Peripheral

Phospholipid Bilayer

-Phosphate (Hydrophilic - WATER - head)

-Fatty Acid (Hydrophobic - NO WATER - tail)

Front 13

Fluid Mosaic Theory

Back 13

Explains dynamic aspects of cell plasma membrane.

Fluid - Changes constantly; not fixed.

Mosaic - Mixture of molecules (carb's, Glycolipids, Glycoproteins, Cholesterol, Phosphlipids)

Front 14

Plasma Membrane Proteins

Back 14

1-Chemical Messenger/Receptor

2-ION Channels

3-Water Channels-Aquaporins

4-Adhesion Proteins

Front 15

Plasma Membrane Protein Functions

Back 15

1-Chemical Receptors

2-Ion Channels

3-Cell Identity Markers

4-Metabolite Channel

Front 16

Chemical Receptor

Back 16

Binding Site on non-steroid hormones.

ie: Insulin is a protein based hormone and cannot enter cell.

Front 17

ION Channels

Back 17

- Solute channels, salt, electrolyte

- Facilitates entry/exit of ions in and out of cells.

- Ion Channels are voltage-gated and activated by nerve signals.

ie: Na+, K+

Ca+2 is a voltage-gated channel

Front 18

Metabolite Channel

Back 18

membrane-spanning protein that has an inner pore which allows the passage of one or moresubstances

ie: water

Front 19

Cell Identity Markers

Back 19

-Glycoproteins (Glucose + Protein)

*Mutation leads to autoimmune disorder or tumor.

ie: lupus

Mutation = uncontrolled mitosis

Front 20

Causes of Mutation

Back 20

Damage of cell markers

ie: Tar in cigarettes/smoking

UV Light/Radiation

Front 21

Types of Transport

Back 21

Passive

-Hight to Low Concentration

-Down Gradiant/Slope

-No ATP No Protein Channel

ie: Diffusion - gas exchange in lungs

Osmosis

Active

-Low to High Concentration

-Up Gradiant/Slope

-ATP & Protein Channel Required

Facilitated Diffusion

-Same as regular diffusion (high to low)

-Speeded up my membrane Protein Channel

Front 22

Vesicular Transport

Back 22

- Substances are contained in vesicles

Exocitosis - export of a substance out of a cell by formation of a membrane-bound vesicle

Endocytosis - import of material into the cell by formation of a membrane-bound vesicle

ie: Phagocytosos - "Cell Eating" intake of solid

Pinocytosis - "Cell Drinking" intake of liquid