Bio Lab Ex 40: Animal Kingdom, Phyla Echinodermata And Chordata

Front 1

Protosome vs Deuterostomes

Back 1

Hint 1

Front 2

Phylum Echinodermata

Back 2

-Sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers
-ossicles: internal skeleton of calcareous plates, spins protrude
-Deuterostomes
-radially symmetrical
-Adults: bodies have a ring of five repetitive parts
-Larvae: bilaterally symmetrical
-have water vascular system with tube feet
+muscle contractions and hydrostatic pressure extend and move tube feet

Class Asteroidea
Asterias
Class Ophiruoidea
Class Crinoidea
Class Echinoidea
Class Holothuroidea

Hint 2

Front 3

Class Asteroidea

Back 3

*Asterias* (Sea Stars)
-mouth is at the center of the lower, oral surface
-anus is on the upper, aboral surface
-dermal gills surround the blunt spines and used for respiration by diffusion and pincerlike pedicellariae used to remove debris from the surface.
-madreporite is on the aboral surface and connects the water vascular system with the environment

Hint 3

Front 4

Class Ophiuroidea

Back 4

-Brittle Stars (Ophioderma)
-Ossicles are typically thick and have attached muscular
-crawl rapidly

Front 5

Class Crinoidea

Back 5

-Sea Lilies and Feather stars
-their oral surface (mouth and anus) usually faces up.
-highly branched and feathery arms
-filter feed

Hint 5

Front 6

Class Echinoidea

Back 6

-Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars
-lack arms
-ossicles are fused into a solid shell called a test
-spines are jointed and movable
-spines and tube feet control locomotion
-The small internal structure of five teeth is called Aristotle's lantern.
-

Hint 6

Front 7

Class Holothuroidea

Back 7

-Sea Cucumbers
-has tentacles
-soft bodies with reduced ossicles and few spines
-tentacles secrete a mucus that captures small floating organisms
-under stress=evisceration

Hint 7

Front 8

Phylum Chordata

Back 8

-dorsal hollow nerve cord
-a notochord, a cartilaginous rod that forms on the dorsal side of the gut in the embryo
-pharyngeal slits, openings in the throat that filter water that has entered through the mouth
-postanal tail
-internal bony structure

Subphylum Urochordata (tunicates and sea squirts)
Subphylum Cephalochordata (lancelets)
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Agnatha
Petromyzon
Class Chondrichthyes
Squalus
Class Osteichthyes
Class Amphibia
Class Reptilia
Class Aves
Class Mammalia

Hint 8

Front 9

Subphylum Urochordata

Back 9

-Tunicates or sea squirts
-sessile or planktonic
-larvae posses the general chordate form
-adults are highly modified to include a sievelike basket perforated with pharyngeal gill slits surrounded by a cellulose sac called a tunic.
-water: incurrent siphon, pharyngeal basket, excurrent siphon

Hint 9

Front 10

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Back 10

-Lanceletes
-small fishlike, marine chordates that burrow in sand or mud
-dorsal nerve cord and notochord extend the length
-buccal cavity surrounds the mouth followed by a long pharynx with many gill slits
-food particles get caught in the gill slits
-anus is not terminal
-water passes gill arches, into atrium chamber, leaves through atriopore

Hint 10

Front 11

Subphylum Vertebrata

Back 11

-fish, birds, Amphibians, Reptiles, and Mammals
-vertebral column that replaces the notochord in adults and surrounds the dorsal nerve cord.
-have a head

Class Agnatha
Petromyzon
Class Chondrichthyes
Squalus
Class Osteichthyes
Class Amphibia
Class Reptilia
Class Aves
Class Mammalia

Hint 11

Front 12

Class Agnatha

Back 12

*Petromyzon*
-Lampreys and Hagfishes
-ammocoete, the larva of a lamprey
-lack jaws but have a cartilaginous endoskeleton and a notochord
-have 7 pharyngeal gill slips
-The mouth is at the center of the round buccal funnel and is armed with horny teeth and a rasping tongue.
-feed on body fluids of fish

Hint 12

Front 13

Class Chondrichthyes

Back 13

*Squalus*
-Sharks, Skates, and Rays
-endoskeleton is cartilaginous and the anterior gill arches are modified into jaws
-fins and lateral line

Front 14

Class Osteichthyes

Back 14

-Bony fish
-a bony endoskeleton, modified gill arches, and internal air bladders for balance and buoyancy
-Gills are protected by a movable gill cover called an operculum.
-lateral line system

Front 15

Class Amphilia

Back 15

-Frogs, Toads, and Salamanders
-terrestrial but lay eggs in water
-eggs fertilized externally
-aquatic stage called a tadpole

Front 16

Class Reptilia

Back 16

-Turtles, Snakes, and Lizards
-internal fertilization
-scales
-poikilothermic: body temp depends on enviornment
-lay water tight eggs that contain a food source (the yolk) and a series of four membranes:
+the chorion: allows oxygen to enter but not water
+the amnion: encases developing enbryo within a fluid filled cavity
+the yolk sac: provides food for embryo
+the allantois: surrounds a cavity into which waste products from the embryo are excreted

Front 17

Class Aves

Back 17

-Birds
-feathers
-vision prominent
-homeothermic: maintain constant temp
-high body temp and metabolism
-lightweight skeleton
-efficient respiratory system
-heavy musculature

Front 18

Class Mammalia

Back 18

-hair and body fat
-mammary glands

Front 19

Back 19

Hint 19

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Back 20

Hint 20

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Back 21

Hint 21

Front 22

Back 22

Hint 22

Front 23

Back 23