Bio Exam 2

Front 1

The substrate binds to what part of an enzyme?

Back 1

Active site

Front 2

Entropy is a measure of:

Back 2

Disorder, randomness

Front 3

How is your body able to counteract the effects of entropy?

Back 3

Food (dietary intake)

Front 4

What is the ultimate source of energy for most forms of life on Earth?

Back 4

Solar energy

Front 5

Energy transformations are not 100% efficient; often energy is in the form of _____ is released, which fulfills the second law of thermodynamics.

Back 5

heat

Front 6

The reactants in an enzyme catalyzed reaction is the:

Back 6

substrate

Front 7

Biological organisms are ____ systems. ______ is exchanged between them and their surroundings, as they _______ energy storing molecules and release energy to the environment by doing ____.

Back 7

open;

Energy;

consume;

work.

Front 8

The sum total of chemical reactions that take place in cells is called __________.

Back 8

metabolism

Front 9

A _______________ is a series of chemical reactions which modify a starting molecule step by step through metabolic intermediates, ultimately producing a final product.

Back 9

metabolic pathway

Front 10

The stored energy of a molecule or object due to its position is called _________ energy.

Back 10

potential

Front 11

Energy associated with particles or objects in motion is called ____________.

Back 11

kinetic energy

Front 12

__________ energy, is the energy necessary for reactions to occur.

Back 12

Activation

Front 13

________ pathways require an input of energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones.

Back 13

Anabolic

Front 14

The study of energy flowing through living systems is called ____________.

Back 14

bioenergetics

Front 15

Virtually every ____ performed by living organisms require ______, the living cells of every ________ constantly use energy.

Back 15

task;

energy;

organism

Front 16

It is important to know that the chemical reactions of metabolic pathways don't take place ____________. Each reaction step is facilitated, or _________, by a protein called an ______.

Back 16

spontaneously;

catalyzed;

enzyme

Front 17

Some eukaryotes perform catabolic processes without _______(fermentation); that is, they perform or use ________ metabolism.

Back 17

oxygen;

anaerobic

Front 18

Despite the differences between ________ and the complexity of _________, researchers have found that all branches of ____ share some of the same ________ pathways, suggesting that all organisms ______ from the same _____________.

Back 18

organisms;

metabolism;

life;

metabolic;

evolved;

common ancestor

Front 19

Gibbs ____________ is the usable energy, or energy that is available to do work.

Back 19

free energy

Front 20

The measure of randomness or disorder within a system:

Back 20

Entropy