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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe Anatomy |
The structure of body parts AKA Morphology |
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Physiology |
Function of body parts AKA How it works |
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Anatomical Position |
Erect position of body Face facing forward Arms to the sides Palms of hands facing forward |
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Describe the occipital region of the skull |
Inferior posterior region of skull |
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Function of each organ system |
Nervous system - communication Circulatory/cardiovascular - transportation Endocrine - Hormones Respiratory - breathing Urinary - waste Muscular - movement Skeletal - bones Digestive - nutrients Integumentary - skin Reproductive - offspring/ reproduction Lymphatic - immune |
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9 Regions of the Abdomen |
Right hypochondriac Right lumber Right iliac Epigastric Umbilical Hypogastric Left hypochondriac Left Lumber Left iliac |
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List Ventral Cavities |
Ventral Cavities (FRONT) Thoracic Cavity (chest) Abdomino Pelvic |
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Dorsal Cavity (BACK) |
Cranial (head) Spinal cord (back) |
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List Ventral Cavities |
Ventral Cavities (FRONT) Thoracic Cavity (chest) Abdomino Pelvic |
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Dorsal Cavity (BACK) |
Cranial (head) Spinal cord (back) |
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Define Sagittal |
Body split from left to right |
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Explain Negative Feedback |
In a negative feedback system, the body’s response is to reduce the original stimulus. Functions like a seesaw and is most homeostatic control mechanisms. Ex. Like a home heating system. Your hypothalamus operates similarly to regulate body temp. |
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What does the atomic number tell us? What particle is used for chemical bonding? Where in an atom do you find the 3 subatomic particles ? |
The number of protons and electrons in nucleus. Valence electrons. The outer shell. The 3 subatomic particles are: protons , electrons, and neutrons. |
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What are isotopes? How to determine the atomic mass number ? |
Atom with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. Adding number of protons and neutrons. *to determine number of neutrons subtract Atomic number from atomic mass number. |
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What is the PH scale for Acid and Base? Most abundant element in the body? |
PH Scale for Acid: below 7 PH Scale for Base: above 7 Oxygen |
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What is the PH scale for Acid and Base? Most abundant element in the body? |
PH Scale for Acid: below 7 PH Scale for Base: above 7 Oxygen |
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Where in the body do you find intercalated disks? Where to find transitional tissue? |
Cardiac Muscle (heart) Outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels Ex Urinary bladder, Ureters & Urethra |
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List the 5 layers in order of the epithelial tissue? Which layer houses melanocytes ? |
From deep to superficial Stratum basale Stratum spinosum (spiny appearance) Stratum granulosum (grainy appearance) Stratum lucidum (smooth) Stratum Corneum (superficial layer) Stratum basale |
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Type of muscle found in your abdomen ? |
Skeletal Muscle |
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Function of creatine phosphate ? |
Stores energy in muscle cells to resynthesize ATP. ATP is an energy molecule which stores energy for help us with about anything. |
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What is a sarcomere ? What is the sliding filament theory ? |
Unit of myofilaments between two Z lines. AKA a muscle fiber Actin filaments sliding past myosin filaments allowing muscle contraction. |
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Which muscles are involuntary? |
Skeletal Muscle (Voluntary) - striated, attached to bones Smooth Muscle (involuntary) - non-striated, found in organs Cardiac Muscle (involuntary) - striated, intercalated disks |
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Difference between CNS and PNS (Division of Nervous System) |
CNS (central nervous system) - brain & spinal cord Interpret incoming sensory info & generate instructions PNS (peripheral nervous system) - cranial & spinal nerves System outside CNS serve as communication lines Ganglia - nervous tissue found in PNS |
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What impulse would have the greatest speed, myelinated or unmyelinated nueron? Where do you find bipolar neurons ? |
Myelinated (Helps conduct nerve impulses as a fast speed) Bipolar neurons are found in the nose and eye |
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Where do fingernails come from? |
Modified skin cells |
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From 3rd degree burn, what is the most concern or life threat? Method used to determine fluid loss? |
Fluid loss Dehydration Electrolytes imbalance Rule of Nines: divides body into two areas. |
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Give the 4 stages of healing from bone fracture |
Hematoma Fibrocartilaginous callus Bony callus Remodeling |
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Examples of short, Long, irregular, flat & seamoid |
Short (cubed shapes) - carpals tarsals Long (movement) - legs & arms Irregular (complex bone) - femur, vertabae Flat (protect organs) - parietal Sesamoid (round shape) - patella |
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Axial Skeleton (inside) |
Skull Vertebral column Bony thorax |
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Appendicular skeleton |
Upper & lower limbs |
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Why is the hyoid bone unique ? 5 regions of the vertebral column ? |
Bone does not interact with other bones. (Helps swallow food) Cervical 7AM Thoracic 12PM Lumber 5PM SACRAL COCCYX (Tail of spine) |
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3 types of ribs |
True ribs (1-7) attached to coastal cartilages False ribs (8-12) Floating ribs - lack attachment |
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List 2 myofilaments in a sacromere |
Thick filament (myosin) -end in a cross bridge Thin filament (Actin) Both are proteins & are responsible for muscle contraction. |
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List the three meninges and give brief description? |
Dura mater -Outer most layer, Surrounds the Brian, AKA tough or hard mother Arachnoid mater - middle layer, spider weblike Pita mater - inner most layer(deepest), clings tightly to surface of brain, AKA gentle mother
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Define hydrocephalus and meningitis? Cranial nerve involved with chewing |
CSF accumulates & exerts pressure on brain Result - newborns head enlarges as brain increases in size Inflammation of the meninges Trigeminal nerve |
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Another name for afferent nerves and efferent nerves ? Part of the nervous system |
Sensory Motor |
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Vestibulocochlear nerve (Cranial nerve) function ? What nervous system division will you find sympathetic and parasympathetic? |
Transmits impulses for sense of hearing Autonomic |
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Which nervous system involves “fight or flight”? |
Sympathetic |
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Which nervous system involves “rest & digest”? |
Parasympathetic |
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Another name for eardrum? |
Tympanic |
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What part of the ear will you find the three bony ossicles? which ossicle attaches to the oval window ? |
Middle ear Stapes (stirrup shapes bone) |
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What part of the retina has the greatest acuity ? What determines a blind spot? |
Fovea Centrails Optic disc |
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What part of the retina has the greatest acuity ? What determines a blind spot? |
Fovea Centrails Optic disc |
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What are the three bony ossicles in the middle ear? |
Malleus Incus Stapes |
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What are the 4 taste sensations ? |
Salty - filiform Sweet - fungiform Sour - vallate Bitter - foliate |
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What hormone determines the sleep-awake cycle ? |
Melatonin Hormone |
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What hormone determines the sleep-awake cycle ? |
Melatonin Hormone |
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What causes a goiter ? |
Lack of iodine Result - enlargement of Tyroid gland |
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Most abundant blood cell & life span? |
Erythrocytes - transport carbon dioxide & oxygen 100-120 days |
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Universal donor and recipient ? |
O negative AB |
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Universal donor and recipient ? |
O negative AB Antigens are present therefore no antibodies to attack |
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Define stroke volume ? |
Volume of blood bumped out by ventricle with each heartbeat |
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Another name for pacemaker ? |
SA node (Sinoatrial) Function - starts each heartbeat and sets pace of whole heart |
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Explain tachycardia and bradycardia ? |
Rapid heart rate (FAST) 90 or more Heart beat slower than normal (SLOWER) 60 or less |
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Define vital capacity ? |
the total amount of exchangeable air. (4800ml in men and 3100ml in women) |
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What is SIDS ? |
Sudden infant death syndrome Occurs to babies while sleeping, they stop breathing and die in sleep |
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What are the three parts of the small intestine ? Function? |
Glands secrete mucus, receives pancreatic secretions and bile through hepatopancreatic duct Jejunum - Nutrient absorption Ileum - Peyer’s patches are collections of lymphatic tissue that increase in amouhnts; Remaining undigested food contains huge numbers of bacteria which must be prevented from entering the bloodstream |
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What are male gonads ? |
Testes - produce sperm and male sex hormones |
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What forms Sperm cells ? |
Seminiferous tubules (contain cells which produce the sperm) |
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How long is a menstrual cycle ? |
28 days |
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Where does Sperm mature? |
Epididymis |
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What determines menopause ? |
When ovulation and menses cease, ending childbearing abilities |
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What activates pepsinogen? |
Acidic environment which is provided by hydrochloric acid |
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How many nephrons in each kidney? |
Over a million |
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What region are nephrons found? |
Renal cortex (outer portion of kidney) |
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Why does water follow salt AKA solute ? |
An increase of solute excites osmoreceptors which leads to activate thirst center Water follow salt through osmosis |
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3 parts to brain stem? |
Midbrain - center for visual, auditory and responses Pons- helps with breathing Medulla oblongata - reflex center for vomiting, sneezing & coughing |
