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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of the brain? |
Receives and process sensory information, stores memories, initiates responses, and generates thoughts and emotions |
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What is the function of the sensory division of the PNS? |
Sends nerve impulses from sensory organs to CNS |
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What is the function of the motor division of the PNS? |
To send nerve impulses to muscles and glands from CNS |
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What is the efferent system? |
The motor division |
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What is the afferent division? |
The sensory division |
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Skeletal muscle, bones, and skin are all a part of what system? |
The somatic nervous system |
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What is controlled by the autonomic nervous system? |
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions |
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Fight or flight refers to what division? |
The sympathetic nervous system. |
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Rest and digest refers to which division? |
The parasympathetic nervous system |
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Which sensory division carries information from the skin, skeletal muscles and joints to the CNS? |
Somatic |
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Which sensory division carries information from the visceral organs to the CNS? |
visceral |
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What is a neuron? |
A specialized cell that conducts an electrical impulse |
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What is a dendrite? |
A part of a neuron that increases surface area to receive impulses before transferring the impulse to the axon |
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What does the myelin sheath? |
Insulates the axon and speeds up transmissions |
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What is the endplate? |
The location of synapses on the neuron |
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What is the function of Schwann cells? |
To produce myelin |
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What does the axon do? |
Transfer impulses from dendrites to other cells or the effector |
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What does the cell body contain? |
The nucleus and majority of organelles |
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What is 'the accessory cell to a neuron'? |
Glial cells |
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Which glial cells are found in the CNS? |
Oligodendrocyte, astrocytes, and microglia |
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Which glial cells are found in the PNS? |
Schwann cells |
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The cell that produces myelin in the CNS and does not contain a neurilemma is the what? |
Oligodendrocyte |
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Which cells help in neuron metabolism? |
Astrocytes |
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What are the immune cells of the nervous system? |
Microglia |
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What are the two functions of the schwann cell |
1. produce myelin by wrapping around the axon 2. contains neurillema |
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What is the 5 step process of the reflex arc? |
1.Sensory neuron. 2. Spinal cord 3. Interneurons 4. Motor Neurons 5. Effector |
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What are nerve impulses caused by? |
The movement of ions across the membrane. |
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The movement of ions causes what? |
Nerve impulses to travel |
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Membrane potential/resting potential |
The neruron has a negative potential difference. Sodium cannot enter the cell because ion channels remain closed |
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What is the overrall internal charge of an axon and why? |
Negative because of the large molecules |
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Which channels are leaky? K or NA? |
K. This means K can leave the neuron which contributes to the negative charge |
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What is it called when the membrane becomes permeable to Na ions? |
Depolarization |
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What ions rush into the neuron during depolarization? |
NA |
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What is the charge of the neuron during depolarization? |
Positive. But it must become negative again to send more impulses. |
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During Action Potential, impulses must reach what to be transmitted? |
Threshold level. This produces action potential |
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How does the neuron become negative again? (Name and process) |
Repolarization. The K channels open and k leaves |
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What occurs after the repolarization? |
The refractory period. The Na/K pumps restore the membrane to its original membrane potential. |
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What is the order of all the processes that are involved in transmitting an impulse through a neuron? |
-Resting Potential -Threshold level -Depolarization -Repolarization -Refractory period |
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Chemical Synapse |
Converting electrical impulse into chemical impulse that then crosses the synaptic cleft |
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What are neurotransmitters produced in and then contained in? |
Produced in the pre synaptic neuron and contained in vesicles. |
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What triggers the vesicle to fuse to the membrane? |
The influx of calcium caused by action potential being achieved |
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Through what process do neurotransmitters move across the cleft? |
Diffusion |
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What does the neurotransmitter bond to after it moves across the cleft? |
Receptors on the post synaptic neuron |
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What increases if a neuron is excitatory? |
Na |
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What increases if a neuron is inhibitory? |
K |
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What occurs if the transmitter cannot be removed from the receptor? How do you remove it? |
That pathway is now blocked and no transmission can be sent through it. It must be removed with an enzyme |
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Define summation |
The combo of excitatory and inhibatory neurotransmitters that will decide if action potential occurs |
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Define exocytosis in reference to neurotransmission |
When the vesicle fuses to the membrane and releases neurotransmitter that crosses the synaptic cleft before binding with the receptors |
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Acetylcholine |
-Excitatory -Makes membrane permeable to Na -Removed by cholinestase |
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Norepinephrine |
-Adrenaline -Generally excitatory but can be inhibatory |
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Dopamine |
-Generally inhibatory and excitatory -Makes post synaptic membrane permeable to K -Affects emotions, energy, alertness |
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Seratonin |
-Generally inhibatory -Deals with obsession and mood |
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GABA |
-Generally inhibatory -Affects relaxation and mood |
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What occurs during the refractory period? |
Na enters the membrane to make it positive. When the Na leaves it returns to membrane potential. |
