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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine are the four bases in DNA.
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In DNA, cytosine always forms hydrogen bonds with guanine.
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The sequence of DNA carries the genetic information of an organism.
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The process of DNA replication produces a new copy of an organism's genetic information.
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The double-coiled shape of DNA is called a double helix.
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Proteins are made up of amino acids.
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There are 2 different types of nucleic acids.
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Each set of three nitrogen bases on mRNA representing the amino acid is known as codon.
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The amino acid cysteine is represented by the DNA sequence ACA on the template strand.
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AAA and AAG are the DNA sequences on the template strand for phenylalanine.
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There can be be more than one codon for the same amino acid.
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For any one codon there can be 1 amino acid.
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The genetic code is said to be universal because a codon represents the amino acid in all organisms.
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UUA UAG and UGA are stop codons.
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tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome.
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During the process of transcription, DNA serves as the template for making mRNA.
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The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself is replication.
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A change in a single base pair of the DNA molecule which affects the synthesis of an entire protein is called a mutation.
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The process of converting RNA code into an amino acid is called translation.
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Adenine and thymine are complementary base pairs.
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The double ring nucleotides are the purine.
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In 1950, Chargraff determined that bases pair in specific combinations.
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Watson and Crick used paper molecules and other research to determine the structure of DNA.
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Franklin's X-ray diffraction photograph showed that DNA was double stranded and in the shape of a helix.
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A DNA nucleotide would contain a deoxyribose sugar, base and phosphate group.
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The four bases of DNA can make 64 combinations of three.
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DNA polymerase is an enzyme that helps add nucleotides.
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Ligase is an enzyme that helps add nucleotides.
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Proteins are made on the ribosome.
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How many bases would a DNA molecule be if it coded for 50 amino acids?
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In each new molecule of DNA one strand is "old" and another is "new" this method of replication is called semi-conservative.
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1
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DNA
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deoxyribose
double stranded stays in nucleus Thymine |
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RNA
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ribose
single stranded leaves the nucleus Uracil |
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Interphase
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The cell grows and replicates its DNA and centrioles.
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Prophase
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The chromatin condenses into chromosomes. The centrioles separate, and a spindle begins to form. The nuclear envelope breaks down.
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Metaphase
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The chromosomes line up the center of the cell each chromosome is connected to a spindle fiber at its centromere.
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Anaphase
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The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart.
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Telophase
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The chromosomes gather at the opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct shapes. Two new nuclear envelopes will form.
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Transcription(3)
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the DNA code is copied onto mRNA
free RNA nucleotides match up the new strand seperates and leaves the nucleus |
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Replication(3)
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2 DNA molecules are produced
free DNA nucleotides match up uses DNA polymerase |
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Translation(3)
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a chain of amino acids is produced
the ribosome reads the message uses a tRNA to bring amino acids |
