Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Petiole |
Joins leaf to the stem at a node |
|
|
Dermal tissue system |
Plant's outer protective covering |
|
|
Periderm |
Protective tissues that replace the epidermis in older regions of stems+roots |
|
|
Vascular tissue system |
Facilitates transport of material throughout plant + provides mechanical support |
|
|
Stele |
Collective term for vasc. tissue of a root or stem |
|
|
Pith |
Ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue |
|
|
Parenchyma cells |
The "flesh" of a plant (very widespread) |
|
|
Collenchyma cells |
Grouped in strands to support new growth |
|
|
Scelerenchyma cells |
Secondary cell wall produced after cell elongation is done |
|
|
Vascular cambium |
Adds layers of vasc tissue called secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem |
|
|
Cork cambium |
Replaces epidermis with thicc-er/tougher periderm |
|
|
Apoplast |
Everything external to plasma mem. of living cells. Includes cell walls, extracellular spaces, and the interior of dead cells |
|
|
Symplast |
The entire mass of cytosol of all the living cells in a plant + the plasmodesmata |
|
|
Plasmolysis |
Shrinking+pulling away from the cell's protoplast from the cell wall |
|
|
Xerophytes |
Plants adapted to arid environments |
|
|
Cation exchange |
Process in which cations are displaced from soil particles by other cations, usually H+ |
|
|
Nitrogen cycle |
Describes transformation of nitrogen and nitrogenous compounds in nature |
|
|
Nitrogen fixation |
The transformation of atmospheric nitrogen, N2, into ammonia, NH3, and finally usable nitrate, NO3- |
|
|
Ectomycorrhizae |
Form dense sheathe over the surface of the root |
|
|
Arbuscular mycorrhizae |
"Dig" gently into the root |
Found in 85% of plant species |
|
Macronutrients |
Needed in relatively large amounts |
C, O, H, N, P, S |
|
Micronutrients |
Needed in tiny amounts |
Cl, Fe, B, Zn, Cu, Ni, manganese, and molybdenum |
|
Carpels |
The structure comprised of the stigma, style, and ovule |
|
|
Radicle |
Embryonic root |
|
|
Epicotyl |
Portion or the embryonic axis above where the cotyledon are attached and below the first pair of miniature leaves |
|
|
Simple fruits |
Derived from a single carpel or several fused carpels |
Pea flowers |
|
Aggregate fruit |
A single flower w/ several separate carpels that each form a single fruit |
Raspberry |
|
Multiple fruit |
Fruit formed from a group of flowers tightly clustered |
Pineapple |
|
Accessory fruit |
Other parts of the flower contribute to the fruit |
Apple |
|
Fragmentation |
Asexual reproduction by separation of a parent plant into parts that develop into whole plants |
|
|
Apomixis |
Asexual reproduction via producing seeds w/o pollen or fertilization |
Dandelions |
|
Dioecious |
Plants can't self-fertilize bc different individuals have different organs that develop at different times |
|
|
Callus |
Mass of dividing, undifferentiated totipotent cells at the end of a shoot |
|
|
Tropism |
Any growth response that results in plant organs curving toward or away from the stimuli |
|
|
Phototropism |
Growth toward or away from light |
|
|
Cytokinins |
Growth regulators of cytokinesis, or cell division |
|
|
Phytochromes |
Photoreceptors that absorb mostly red light |
|
|
Thigmomorphogensis |
Changes that result from mechanical perturbation |
|