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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does an enzyme change the rate of a reaction?
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by lowering the activation energy of the reaction
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In glycolysis....
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a. pyruvate is the last molecule in the pathway
b. it produces a net yield of 2 ATPs c. 6-carbon molecules are converted to 3-carbon molecules e. in an early step, glucose is converted to glucose-phosphate |
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Yeast can ferment sugar to form ethanol. What is the last step in this process?
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acetylaldehyde +NADH -> ethanol + NAD+
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What is produced for each acetyl-Co molecule that enters the Krebs cycle?
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2 CO2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2
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The oxidation of NADH and the synthesis of ATP are “coupled” in the mitochondrion
because |
NADH is used to generate a proton gradient which is used to make ATP
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What is the final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain?
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oxygen
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Which enzymes produce QH2 (reduced ubiquinone)?
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complex I and complex II
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We breathe in oxygen and breathe out CO2.
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The oxygen is used to make water. The CO2 mostly comes from catabolizing sugars
and fats. |
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Typically, which is the shortest phase of the cell cycle?
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M
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In which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reassemble?
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telophase
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What is the name of the protein complex that connects microtubules to a
chromosome? |
kinetochore
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In an interphase cell, the minus ends of microtubules are found
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in the centrosome
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Centrosomes duplicate during _____ phase and migrate to opposite sides of the cell
during _______. |
S; prophase
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For the ATP Synthase, the H+ gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane,
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a. rotates the c proteins in the f0 subunit as the protons pass through inner membrane
back into the matrix b. causes the gamma subunit to rotate inside the 3 alpha/3 beta assembly c. is converted into mechanical energy that causes the beta subunits to change their shape d. is linked to conformational changes in the beta subunit that provide the energy for ATP synthesis |
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Pyruvate Oxidation
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requires NAD+
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