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33 Cards in this Set
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Exercise 5: The Organization of Cells
-Lab Study C: Multicellular Organism (Purpose) |
-Characterize the organization of plants cells in a wet mount Elodea
-Characterize animal cell organization in human cells |
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Exercise 5: The Organization of Cells
-Lab Study D: Unknowns (Purpose) |
-Characterize morphological and behavioral traits of unknown microbes in a sample pond water
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Tissues
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Group of specialized cells
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Organ
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Group of Tissue
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Organ System
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Group of Organ
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Cell Wall
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Rigid outer framework surrounding the cell. Gives cell a definite shape and support. (not found in animal cells)
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Protoplasm
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Organized contents of the cell, exclusive of the cell wall
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Cytoplasm
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The protoplasm of cell, exclusive of the cell wall
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Central Vacuole
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Membrane bound sac within the cytoplasm that is filled with water and dissolved substances.
-Structure serves to store metabolic wastes -Gives the cell support by means of turgor pressures -Plant and animal cells have them, but animal vacuoles are smaller |
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Chloroplast
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Green, spherical organelles often seen moving within cytoplasm.
-carry pigment chlorophyll -involved in photosythesis |
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Elodea Canadensis
(Plant Cell) |
Other structures: cytoplasmic strands
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Cytoplasmic Streaming (Cyclosis)
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As the microscope heats up the cells, cytoplasm and chloroplasts may begin to move around the central vacuole.
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Nucleus
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Usually spherical, transparent organelle within the cytoplasm
-Controls cell metabolism and division |
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Epithelial Cells
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Occur on the outside of animals and serve to protect the animals from
-water loss -mechanical injury -foreign invaders -line interior cavities and ducts in animals (similar to plant epidermal cells) |
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Cell Membrane
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Boundary that separates the cell from its surroundings (in animals cells they have cell membrane not cell wall)
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Cheek Cells
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Prokaryotic Organization
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Eukaryotic Cell
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Aggregates
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Clusters of cells
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Colonies
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Cluster composed of a consistent and predictable number of colonies
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Autotrophic
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photosynthetic
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Hetereotrophic
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Deriving food from other organism or their by-products
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Ectoplasm
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the thin, transparent layer of cytoplasm directly beneath the cell membrane
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Endoplasm
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the granular cytoplasm containing the cell organelles
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Contractile vacuoles
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clear, spherical vesicles of varying sizes that gradually enlarge as they fill with excess water. Once you've located a vacuole, watch it fill and then empty its contents into surrounding environment. These vacuoles serve an excretory function for the amoeba.[amoeba]
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Food vacuoles
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Small, dark, irregularly shaped vesicles within the endoplasm. They contain undigested food particles [amoeba]
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Vacuoles
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transparent spheres. In the Scenedesmus alga, it tends to occur at either end of the cell.
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Spines
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In the Scenedesmus alga, they are the transparent projections that occur on the two end cells
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Scenedesmus
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terrestrial green alga that grows on the north sides of trees
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Volvox
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an aquatic green alga is common in aquaria, ponds and lakes
* form a large complex colony * cytoplasmic connections between cells |
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Complex Colony
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Approx. 500-50,000 cells that are permanently united, there are cytoplasmic connections between cells and some cells are specialized for reproduction.
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Cytoplasmic Strands
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Connections between adjacent cells
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Daughter colonies
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Smaller spheres within the larger colony.
-Produced asexually -When large enough they will be discharged into surrounding environment. |