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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Notochord |
- Flexible, rod shaped structure that runs along nerve chord - Become vertebrae |
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Dorsal hollow nerve cord |
- Becomes spinal cord |
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Pharyngeal Gill Slits |
- in vertebrate fish becomes gills - in tetrapods becomes parts of ears and tonsils |
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Post Anal Tail |
In all Chordates |
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Cranium |
Carilaginous, bony or fibrous structure surrounding the brain |
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Jawless fish |
- Hagfish, lampreys |
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Jawed Fish |
Evolution of jaws in fish allowed them to tear and grasp food sources - Chondrichthyes - cartilaginous fish - Osteichthyes - bony fish |
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Chondrichthyes |
- cartilaginous - Sharks, skates, rays - dominant predators - Evolution of teeth - modified placoid scales - Ampullae of Lorenzini: detect electromagnetic fields - Lateral line: Detects movement and vibrations in water (also in bony fish) |
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Osteichthyes |
- Bony fish - Gills covered by operculum - swim bladder helps w/ bouyancy - Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) - Sarcopterygii (lobe finned fish): Coelacanth is only living example. Bone structures in pectoral fins allows for support. Adaptation allows for migration to land. |
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Tiktaalik Fossil |
The link between the lobe finned and 4 legged amphibians |
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Amphibians |
- Tetrapods - terrestial but tied to water - cutaneous respiration: skin must stay moist for gas exchange - Urodela: Salamaders. Some have gills, some have lungs. Internal fertilization - Anura: Frogs/Toads. External fertilization -Apoda: Caecillians. Legless, evolutionary reversal |
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Amniotes |
Reptiles, birds, mammals. Egg protected by amniotic membranes. 1st evolved from amphobians 340 mya. |
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Synapsids |
- Mammals - 1 temporal fenestrae |
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Sauropsids |
- Anapsids: no temporal fenestrae. Turtles - Diapsids: 2 temporal fenestrae |
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Lepidosaurs |
Lizards, snakes, turtles |
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Archosaurs |
Dinosaurs, crocs/ alligators, birds |
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Reptiles |
Tetrapoda Scaly skin Ectotherms |
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Dinosaurs |
- Dominant until 65 mya - maybe endothermic Evidence of parental care |
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Crocodilia |
Cros, Gators |
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Sphenodontia |
Tuataras |
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Squamata |
Snakes, lizards Largest group of reptiles |
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Testudines |
- turles - ventral surface: plastron - dorsal surface: carapace, forms from ribs |
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Birds |
- Endothermic - high metabolic rate - feathers: modified scales. Insulate - hollow bones - sternum in shape of keel - efficient respiration |
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Arcaeopteryx |
Intermediate to birds/ dinosaurs |
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Mammals |
- Hair - Endothermic - mammary glands |
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Monotremes |
- Platupus and Echidnas - lay eggs - no teeth |
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Marsupials |
- Embryo develops in pouch - mainly in Australia - Opossum in NA |
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Eutherians |
- Most of the mammals - true placental |
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Primates |
- Lemurs, Monkeys, apes, humans |
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Anthropoids |
- old world monkeys (Africa and Asia): include apes - New world Monkeys (South America) |
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Hominidae |
- Hominoids - Chimps - Gorilla - Humans |