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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chargaff, Erwin |
1940: discovered that the base composition of DNA differed from species to species - Nucleotides matched one another (adenine=Thymine) |
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Franklin, Rosalind |
Used x-rays to discover that DNA looks like a double helix |
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Watson and Crick |
They constructed a model for DNA using Franklin and Chargaff's work -Adenine=Thymine -Cytosine=Guanine Adenine/Guanine=Purines (double carbon ring) Cytosine/Thymine=Pyrimidines(single ring) |
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Aristotle |
-Species were unchanging -Life forms were put on a scale of complexity, people being at the top -Though each form of life is as it has been and always will be |
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Linnaeus, Carolus |
Developed binomial nomenclature which is a two part naming system for species |
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Cuvier, Georges |
-Credited with developing paleontology -Catastrophism: Everything went extinct all at once. (not really viable theory anymore but he was onto something). |
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Hutton, James |
proposed that earths geological features could be explained by gradual mechanisms that are still occurring. (Grand canyon) |
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Lyell, Charles |
Principle of uniformitarianism: Mechanisms of change are constant over time. The same geological mechanisms are still at work and at the same rate (not all too viable anymore) |
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de Lamark, Jean-Baptiste |
-First to propose how life changed overtime -Organisms naturally try to become complex -Developed the principle of use and disuse: parts of the body that are used become stronger and not used=weaker (i.e whales still have 4 legs) -Inheritance of acquired characteristics: The inheritance of modifications from parents |
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Charles Darwin |
HMS-Beagle is the ship he sailed on. wanted to be a clergyman |
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Alfred Wallace |
Worked on the same hypothesis as Darwin but in the east indies |
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Semi Conservative |
The Dna has one old and one new strand |
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Structure of DNA |
Has a phosphoric acid Dioxyribose (5C sugar) Nitrogenous base |
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2 ways Genetic mutation occurs |
DNA Damage Errors in duplication |
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Types of RNA |
mRNA- Message from DNA to Ribsomes tRNA-Transfers amino acids to ribosomes and carries the anticodon rRNA- makes up the ribosome |
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Types of mutations |
Point mutations Substitutions Insertions and deletions |
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Point mutations |
Change in a single base pair Nuclear-pair substitutions or one or more pair insertions or deletions |
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Substitutions |
Silent mutations: no affect on the amino acid Missense: Codes for an amino acid, just not the right one Nonesense: Change in the amino acid codon into a stop codon. |
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Insertions and deletions |
Frameshift: insertion or deletion may affect reading frame
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Homology |
Homologous structures: Closely related species share the features used to determine their relationship |
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Decent with Modification |
Descendants of ancestral organisms lived in various habitatsover millions of years
They accumulated adaptations, that fit them to specific waysof life Over long periods of time, this would lead to the diversityseen in modern times |
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Analogous structures |
2 species have developed to similar features do to similar environment |
