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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cytosol
|
site of metabolic pathways
|
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centrosome
|
animal cell
where microtubules grow & centrioles are found |
|
smooth ER
|
detoxification and lipid production
|
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golgi
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site of modification sorting and secretion of lipids and proteins
|
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3 big plant cell differences
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1. vacuole: storage and regulation of cell volume
2. chloroplast: photosynthesis 3. cell wall |
|
pili
|
hairlike
attach to surfaces and other bacteria |
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nucleic acids
|
macromolecule
storage expression and transmission of genetic info DNA stores genetic info encoded in sequences of nucleic monomers RNA decodes DNA into instructions for linking specific sequences of amino acids |
|
nucleoid region
|
bacteria cell
site where DNA is found |
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cytoplasm
|
site of metabolism
|
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nuclear pore
|
passageway in/out of nucleus
|
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nucleus
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where genetic info is stored and expressed
|
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glycocalyx
|
slimy covering of bacterial cell
|
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flagella
|
bacterial cell
tail like allows swimming |
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polymers
|
large molecule made up of chains or rings of linked monomers
|
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glycogen
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polysaccharide that's the principal storage for of glucose
|
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hydrolysis
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breaks polymers into monomers
water added |
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cell wall
|
provides support and protection
|
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nucleolus
|
small spherical structure
ribosome subunit assembly |
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nuclear envelope
|
double membrane enclosing nucleus
|
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condensation/dehydration
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links monomers to form polymers
water lost |
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sulfahydral group
|
(-SH)
|
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plasma membrane
|
controls movement of substances in/out of cell
|
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ribosome
|
site of protein synthesis
|
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chromatin
|
complex of proteins and dna
|
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endosymbiotic theory
|
chloroplast and mitochondria
cell ate another cell and it became function part |
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rough ER
|
site of protein sorting and secretion
|
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lipids
|
macromolecule
include fats, phospholipids, steroids and waxes non polar and insoluble in water |
|
triglycerides
|
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
|
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polysaccharides
|
many monosaccharides linked to form long polymers
e.g. starch, glycogen |
|
catabolism
|
breaking down of molecules into smaller components
|
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anabolism
|
building up
synthesis of cellular molecules and macromolecules |
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isomers
|
molecules with identical molecular formula but different structures and characteristics
|
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organic molecules
|
composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen
abundant in living organisms |
|
lysosomes
|
garbage collectors
macromolecule degrade |
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starch
|
polysaccharide produced by plants as an energy store
|
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saturated
|
all carbons linked by single bond
solid and room temp |
|
peroxisome
|
hydrogen peroxide broken down
|
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proteins
|
macromolecules
building blocks are amino acids (monomers) 20 different amino acids with identical structure and variable side chain |
|
polypeptides
|
polymers of amino acids
joined by dehydration proteins formed from one or more of these |
|
mitochondria
|
ATP synthesis
|
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nucleotide
|
1. phosphate group
2. sugar dna or rna 3. base monomer |
|
binary fission
|
asexual reproduction
|
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carbohydrates
|
macromolecule
composed of hydrogen carbon and oxygen Cn(H2O)n sugars eg glucose |
|
cytoskeleton
|
protein filaments provide shape and aid in movement
|
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cell theory
|
1. all living things composed of one or more cells
2. smallest units of life 3. new cells come from pre-existing cells |
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steroids
|
insoluble in water
cholesterol and sex hormones |
|
phospholipids
|
glycerol 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group
amphipathic.. phosphate head is polar and hydrophilic and lipid tail is non polar and hydrophobic |
|
sulfate group
|
(-SO4)
|
|
dna vs rna
|
dna.. thyamine, double stranded helix, 1 form
rna.. uracil, single strand, several forms |
|
carboxyl group
|
(-COOH)
|
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hydroxyl group
|
OH
|
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quaternary structure
|
2 or more polypeptides bind together to form functional proteins
|
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tertiary structure
|
secondary structures and random coiled regions fold into 3D shape
|
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secondary structure
|
hydrogen bonds cause region to fold into spiral helix or pleated sheet
|
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primary structure
|
linear sequence of amino acids
|
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carbonyl group
|
(-CO)
|
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prokaryotes vs eukaryotes
|
pro.. simple cells, no nucleus
eu.. more complex cells, dna enclosed within membrane bound nucleus, organelles |
|
amino group
|
NH2
|
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methyl group
|
(-CH3)
|
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unsaturated
|
one or more double bonds
liquid at room temp |