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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
5 senses
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sweet, umami, sour, salty, bitter |
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the ability to ignore your socks around your ankles demonstrates
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sensory adaptation |
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actin and myosin
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miyofibrils are composed primarily of? |
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afferent nerve
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comes first, senses something from peripheral to nervous |
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astrocytes
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the largest and most numerous neuralgial cells in the brain and spinal cord |
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axon
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transmits signal to another neuron |
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cardiac
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only found in the heart, involuntary, uninucleate cells, striated |
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cell body
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contains nucleus |
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central nervous system
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brain, spinal cord |
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cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
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protection, nutritive, maintains stable ion concentration in CNS |
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concentric
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shortening |
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cones
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detect color, less sensitive |
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contraction of the abdominal muscles in a plank is most likely isometric
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isometric |
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dendrites
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receive signal |
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eccentric
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lengthening |
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efferent
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nerve peripheral to sensory (response) |
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endocrine pathologies
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hormone excess, hormone deficiency, or abnormal responsiveness of target tissue, can be primary or secondary |
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endocrine system
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every cell, chemical, slower, longer lasting, intensity control via quantity ( can produce more and more) |
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exteroceptive
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associated with body surface (touch, pressure, temperature, pain) |
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frontal lobe
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higher intellectual processes for concentrating, planning, complex problem solving and judging the consequences of behavior |
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general receptors
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exteroceptive, visceroceptive, proprioceptive |
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getting the spins while heavily intoxicated is due to
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equilibrium |
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hearing
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perception of energy carried by sound waves (pressure), also site of equilibrium and balance |
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If you were to castrate a rat, what would happen to this hormone cascade?
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an increase in GnRH |
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insertion
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moveable bone |
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isometric
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muscles contracts but doesn't change length |
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isotonic
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muscles contracts and changes length |
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muscles
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often work in opposing pairs moving the same bone |
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myelination of axons
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lipids and proteins that wrap around an axon |
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myelin sheath
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insulates axon, speeds up travel |
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myofibril (muscle)
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filaments in sarcomere |
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nervous system
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each neuron has a target cell, electric/chemical, fast, short duration, intensity control via frequence, # of action potentials |
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neuron structure
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dendrites, cell body, axon, synapse |
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olfaction
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cells in nasal cavity with specific proteins receptors that bind odorant, sense of smell drops 50% within 1 second after stimulation |
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origin
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stationary bone |
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parietal lobes
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sensory areas provide sensations of temperature, touch, pressure, and pain involving the skin |
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a patient is complaining of "electric shock" like pain that radiates from his foot to his trunk. It was found that he had a mass on one of his cerebral lobes. Which love do you suspect it was?
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parietal |
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perception
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brain's interpretation of the sensory event |
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peripheral nervous system
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nerves in other parts of the body, spinal and cranial nerves |
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A person is having a heart attack feels pain radiating down their left arm. Why?
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The brain doesn't do a good job localizing |
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A person lays their hand on the hood of a car and feels the vibration. What type of receptors are being activated?
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exterioreceptors |
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proprioceptive
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changes in muscles, tendons (body position, movement) |
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receptors for the special senses are found?
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primarily in the head |
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reflex arc
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automatic, subconscious responses to stimuli within or outside the body |
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reflex
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behaviors stretch reflex, withdrawal reflex, crossed extensor reflex |
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retina
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as light enters eye, it is refracted by: convex surface of cornea and lens, image focused on retina is upside down and reversed from left to right,light energy changes to electrical energy, occurs at retina, hits visual receptors behind retina |
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rods
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detect black and white, more sensitive, lights upon light levels |
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schwann cell
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produces myelin found on peripheral myelinated neurons speed neurotransmission |
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sensation
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brain becomes aware of sensory event |
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sensory adaptation
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ability to ignore unimportant stimuli, decreased sensory impulses, can refocus attention |
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sensory receptors
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specialized nervous cells that collect info from environment, sends info along sensory nerves to the brain |
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sight
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photoreceptors in the retina of the eye react to light |
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attached to bones of skeleton, voluntary, multinucleate cells, striated
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skeletal muscle |
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sliding filaments
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Ca++ binds troponin, shifts tropomyosin, and exposes myosin binding sites |
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Myosin
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pulls actin filaments when muscle contracts (requires ATP) |
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smooth muscle
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internal organs/tubes, involuntary moves food through gut, lacks striations, 1 nucleus |
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special senses
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sensory receptors within complex sensory organs, found in the head |
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synapse
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region where axon meets target cell, space across which neurotransmitter diffuses |
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taste
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taste buds on tongue with cells that bind or response to 5 different molecules |
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temporal lobes
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sensory areas for responsible for hearing, interpreting sensory experiences and remember visual scenes, music, and other complex sensory patterns |
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thick filament
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myosin |
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thin filament
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actin |
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tropomyosin
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covers actin, prevents myosin from tightly binding |
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troponin
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gatekeeper |
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type 1 diabetes
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lack of insulin |
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type 2 diabetes
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decreased response of cells to insulin |
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types of contractions
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isotonic, isometric, concentric, eccentric |
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visceroceptive
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associated with changes in organs (blood pressure stretch, stomach receptors) |
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what do you think causes color blindness?
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lack of cones |
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What would be a sound physiological explanation for why rigor mortis develops?
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lack of ATP to cock myosin head back |
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white matter
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myelinated neurons |
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Why doesn't the filament slide back when a myosin head cocks back to reattach to the actin?
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alternating myosin head attachment |