Bio 130 - Introduction To Anatomy & Physiology

Front 1

DEFINE:
anatomy

Back 1

The study of the structure and shape of the human body

Front 2

Define:
gross anatomy

Back 2

The study of large, easily observable structures

Front 3

Define:

Back 3

The study of small structures using light microscopes, electron microscopes, and radio microscopes

Front 4

Define
physiology

Back 4

The study of how biological systems function as different systems and as a whole

Front 5

name
Levels of Organizations

Back 5

chemicals -> cells -> tissue ->organs ->systems -> organism

Front 6

(7) GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF THE BODY SYSTEMS

Back 6

1) protection
2) support
3) movement
4) coordination and control
5) circulation
6) nutrition and fluid balance
7) Reproduction

Front 7

Describe:
integumentary system
and examples of.

Back 7

Skin and associated stuructures

Front 8

describe
skeletal system

Back 8

bony architecture of the body that provides a frame for muscular locomotion and protection for the body.

Front 9

3 main types of muscle tissue

Back 9

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Front 10

4 functions of
skeletal muscle

Back 10

produces voluntary movement, provides body structure, protects organs, and maintains posture

Front 11

where can you find smooth muscle

Back 11

lines the walls of organs and vessels

Front 12

what is cardiac muscle

Back 12

involuntary muscle cells of the heart

Front 13

What does the nervous system house

Back 13

Brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs

Front 14

name 4 sense organs

Back 14

eyes, ears, taste buds, smell receptors

Front 15

What does the endocrine system do

Back 15

produces hormones which regulate body activities

Front 16

which systems can be described as the protection and support of the human body?

Back 16

integumentary system, skeletal system, and muscular system

Front 17

systems that make up coordination and control of the human body

Back 17

Nervous system, and endocrine system

Front 18

which to systems make up the circulatory system

Back 18

cardiovascular system, and lymphatic

Front 19

what are the major components of the cardiovascular system

Back 19

heart, blood, and blood vessels

Front 20

What is the function of the cardiovascular system

Back 20

transports oxygen and nutrients to body tissues and carries away waste products for elimination

Front 21

components of lymphatic system

Back 21

lymphatic vessels, tonsils, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes

Front 22

3 system used for Nutrition and fluid balance

Back 22

respiratory system, digestive system, and urinary system

Front 23

components of respiratory system

Back 23

lungs and airway passages; nasal passages, larynx, trachea, bronchi

Front 24

function of the digestive system

Back 24

1)intake of nutrients and water
2) breakdown, absorption and elimination of food

Front 25

parts of the digestive system

Back 25

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gall bladder

Front 26

function of urinary system

Back 26

eliminates waste products and provides a mechanism for fluid balance

Front 27

parts of the urinary system

Back 27

(2) kidneys (2) ureters, bladder, and urethra

Front 28

define
metabolism

Back 28

all of the physical and chemical processes by which an organism sustains life

Front 29

2 components of metabolism

Back 29

Catabolism and Anabolism

Front 30

define
catabolism

Back 30

breaking down of complex substances into simpler compounds

Front 31

define
anabolism

Back 31

building up of more complex structures from simpler building blocks - growth and tissue repair

Front 32

describe
homeostasis

Back 32

state of internal balance with the the body. ability to maintain a stable internal environment regardless of external changes in the environment

Front 33

describe Extracellular fluid

Back 33

outside the cells. Bathes cells in fluid, carries nutrients to and from the cells - blood, lymph, fluid between cells

Front 34

describe intracellular fluid

Back 34

fluid contained with in the cells

Front 35

The main method for maintaining homeostasis with in the body

Back 35

Feedback

Front 36

most common type of feedback in the body

Back 36

negative feedback

Front 37

a self-regulating mechanism that reverses changes within the body

Back 37

negative feedback

Front 38

feedback loop where a particular activity promotes more of the same actions

Back 38

positive feedback

Front 39

effects of aging on the body.

Back 39

1) body processes slow
2) tissue repair and replacement slows
3)disease and injury become more common

Front 40

describe
anatomic position

Back 40

subject is standing upright with face front, arms at the side with palms forward, and feet parallel

Front 41

terms:
superior

Back 41

above or in a high position

Front 42

terms:
inferior

Back 42

below or in a lower position

Front 43

terms:
ventral or anterior

Back 43

located toward the belly surface or the front of the body

Front 44

terms:
dorsal or posterior

Back 44

located nearer to the back

Front 45

terms:
cranial

Back 45

nearer to the head

Front 46

terms:
caudal

Back 46

nearer to the sacral region of the spinal column

Front 47

terms:
medial

Back 47

nearer to an imaginary line that passes through the midline of the body dividing it into the left and the right

Front 48

terms:
lateral

Back 48

further away from the midline of the body

Front 49

terms:
proximal

Back 49

nearer to the origin of a structure

Front 50

terms:
distal

Back 50

further from the origin of a structure

Front 51

describe
cross-section

Back 51

cut that is perpendicular to the long axis of an organ
ex: a banana slice

Front 52

describe
longitudinal section

Back 52

cut that is parallel to the long axis of an organ
ex: a banana cut

Front 53

describe:
oblique section

Back 53

a cut made at an angle

Front 54

x-rays or radiography
pros and cons

Back 54

pros - shows bone tissue
cons - does not provide a clear image of soft tissues

Front 55

CT scans are used for?

Back 55

commonly used for brain injuries and tumors
does produce clear soft tissue images

Front 56

scan that creates the clearest image?

Back 56

MRI

Front 57

conversion C to F

Back 57

F = 1.8 x C +32

Front 58

conversion F to C

Back 58

C = 5/9 (F-32)