Bio 130 Final Exam Study Guide

Front 1

study of structure

Back 1

anatomy

Front 2

study of the function of living organisms

Back 2

physiology

Front 3

study of disease

Back 3

pathology

Front 4

study of a disease cause or the theory of its origin

Back 4

etiology

Front 5

identification of an illness

Back 5

diagnosis

Front 6

prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on the condition of the patient and knowledge about the disease

Back 6

prognosis

Front 7

describing a solution that has the same concentration as the fluid within a cell

Back 7

isotonic

Front 8

describing a solution that is less concentrated than the fluids within a cell

Back 8

hypotonic

Front 9

describing a solution that is more concentrated than the fluids within a cell

Back 9

hypertonic

Front 10

intense itching of the skin

Back 10

pruritus

Front 11

baldness

Back 11

alopecia

Front 12

disease that is prevalent throughout an entire country, continent, or the world

Back 12

pandemic

Front 13

occurrence of a disease among many people in a given region at the same time

Back 13

epidemic

Front 14

abnormal growth of cells

Back 14

neoplasm

Front 15

blend of two or more substances

Back 15

mixture

Front 16

substance composed of two or more chemical elements

Back 16

compound

Front 17

objective: manifestation of a disease as noted by an observer

Back 17

signs

Front 18

evidence of disease noted by the patient

Back 18

symptoms

Front 19

a substance or condition that acts within a system to promote more of the same activity

Back 19

positive feedback

Front 20

self-regulating system in which the result of an action is the control over that actions; a method for keeping body conditions within a normal range and maintaining homeostasis

Back 20

negative feedback

Front 21

agent used against bacterium

Back 21

antibiotics

Front 22

agent that blocks removal of protein coat, production of nucleic acid, assembly and release of new microbes

Back 22

antiviral

Front 23

subunit of elements

Back 23

atom

Front 24

positively charged particles in the nucleus

Back 24

protons

Front 25

non-charged particles in the nucleus

Back 25

neutrons

Front 26

negatively charged particles in energy levels around the nucleus

Back 26

electrons

Front 27

regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Back 27

plasma membrane

Front 28

phospholipid bilayer made up of what substances

Back 28

protein, carbohydrates, and cholesterol

Front 29

control center of the cell

Back 29

nucleus

Front 30

chromosomes are contained where in the cell?
(location)

Back 30

nucleus

Front 31

single stand of nucleotides containing A,G,C, or U

Back 31

RNA

Front 32

where is RNA located ?

Back 32

cytoplasm

Front 33

what is the liquid portion of cytoplasm

Back 33

cytosol

Front 34

transcribes the message of the DNA

Back 34

Messenger RNA
(mRNA)

Front 35

makes up the ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis

Back 35

Ribosomal RNA
(rRNA)

Front 36

brings amino acids to be make into proteins

Back 36

Transfer RNA
(tRNA)

Front 37

what carries the genetic message

Back 37

DNA

Front 38

Where is DNA primarily located in the cell?

Back 38

nucleus

Front 39

process known for killing all organisms -

Back 39

sterilization

Front 40

process of destruction of all pathogens (except endospores);
bactericidal

Back 40

disinfection

Front 41

pathogens killed or prevented from multiplying
(bacteriostasis)

Back 41

antisepsis

Front 42

flat and irregular shaped epithelial cells

Back 42

squamous

Front 43

square shaped epithelial cells

Back 43

cuboidal

Front 44

long and narrow shaped epithelial cells

Back 44

columnar

Front 45

membrane that line the walls of body cavities and are folded back onto the surface of internal organs, forming their outermost layer

Back 45

serous membranes

Front 46

membranes that line tubes and other spaces that open to the outside of the body

Back 46

mucous membranes

Front 47

membrane that is outer layer of epithelium

Back 47

cutaneous membrane

Front 48

gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream

Back 48

endocrine gland

Front 49

gland that secretes through a duct

Back 49

exocrine gland

Front 50

basic unit of nervous tissue

Back 50

neuron

Front 51

short nervous fibers, carry messages into the cell body

Back 51

dendrite

Front 52

nervous fiber that carry messages away from nerve cell body

Back 52

axon

Front 53

cord of fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

Back 53

tendon

Front 54

band of connective tissue that connects a bone to another bone

Back 54

ligament

Front 55

diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

Back 55

osmosis

Front 56

movement of molecules from a region where they are in higher concentrations to a region where they are in lower concentration

Back 56

diffusion

Front 57

movement of a substance into or out of a cell in an opposite direction to the way in which it would normally flow by diffusion

Back 57

active transport

Front 58

what two things does active transport need?

Back 58

energy and transporters

Front 59

movement of material across the plasma membrane as it would normally flow by diffusion but using transporters to speed movement

Back 59

facilitate diffusion

Front 60

what does pH represent

Back 60

indicating hydrogen ion concentration

Front 61

chemical bond formed by the exchange of electrons between atoms

Back 61

ionic bond

Front 62

chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

Back 62

covalent bond

Front 63

number of protons in the nucleus represents what number ?

Back 63

atomic number

Front 64

skin and associated structures

Back 64

integumentary system

Front 65

system used for support

Back 65

skeletal system

Front 66

system used for movement

Back 66

muscular system

Front 67

system which reception of stimuli and control of responses

Back 67

nervous system

Front 68

system that produces hormones for regulation of growth, metabolism and reproduction

Back 68

endocrine system

Front 69

movement of blood for transport is regulated by what system

Back 69

cardiovascular system

Front 70

aids in circulation, immunity, and absorption of digested fasts

Back 70

lymphatic system

Front 71

system responsible for intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide

Back 71

respiratory system

Front 72

system responsible for intake, breakdown, and absorption of nutrients

Back 72

digestive system

Front 73

system responsible for elimination of waste and water

Back 73

urinary system

Front 74

system responsible for production of offspring

Back 74

reproductive system

Front 75

type of bacteria that are classified as "pairs"

Back 75

diplococci

Front 76

type of bacteria that are in large clusters

Back 76

staphylococci

Front 77

type of bacteria that are arranged in stands

Back 77

streptococci

Front 78

straight, slender rod shaped bacteria

Back 78

bacilli

Front 79

short rod shaped bacteria, that have a slight curvature; like a comma

Back 79

vibrios

Front 80

type of bacteria that are long, wavelike cells, that resemble a corkscrew

Back 80

spirilla

Front 81

bacteria that are similar to spirilla, but are capable of waving and twisting for motion

Back 81

spirochetes

Front 82

gram positive is associated with what color stain

Back 82

purple/blue

Front 83

gram negative is associated with what color stain

Back 83

red