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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Tonoplast
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Single membrane around vacuole
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Middle Lamella
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Sticky material that forms between two new cells (pectin)
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Actin Filaments
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cell division, cell motility, made of actin
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Intermediate Filaments
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Fibrous proteins, mechanical strength, made of keratin
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Organization of Centrioles, Cilia, and Flagella
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9 pairs of microtubuoles and 2 solitary microtubuoles in the center
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Resolving power of the human eye
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1/10 mm
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Resolving power of the compound light microscope
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.25 micrometers
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Resolving power of the ultraviolet microscope
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0.1 micrometer or 100 nanometers
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Resolving power of the electron microscope
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0.2 nanometer
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If the wavelength of white light is 500nm, what is its resolving power?
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250nm
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Source of electrons in TEM
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Filament (usually Tungston)
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Focusing of electron beam in TEM
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Magnetic field organizes electrons in beams
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Scattering of electrons from collisions with air molecules in TEM
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System is put in vacuum
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Seeing electrons with the naked eye in TEM
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Image is projected onto flourescent screen
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What improves the contrast in a TEM?
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heavy metal salts
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Six steps to preparing a speciman for the TEM
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1. Fixation
2. Dehydration 3. Embedding in plastic 4. Sectioning (diamond/glass knife) 5. Sections float on water 6. Sections stained with heavy metal salts |
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What are the heavy metal salts used to improve contrast in the TEM?
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Uranium (uranyl acetate) and lead (lead citrate)
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What are the five steps in freeze fracturing?
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1. Freeze specimen
2. Sectioning fractures along plances of weakness 3. Subliming off water in a vacuum 4. Coating cut surfaces with heavy metal and/or carbon 5. Dissolving away the tissue with acid (leaving only the heavy metal/carbon) |
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Robert Hooke
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Cork cells, cellulose cell walls
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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Protozoa, algae, bacteria, and yeast cells
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Jean Baptiste Lamarck
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Suggested cellular nature of all living organisms
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Rene Dutrochet
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All animals and plants are basically made of cells
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Robert Brown
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Recognized and named nucleous, but didn't recognize the functional role
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Matthais Schleiden
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Plants are all composed of cells
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Theodor Schwann
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Animals are all made of cells, clear formulation of cell theory, functional and structural importance of cell contents
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Rudolf Virchow
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Every cell from a cell (cell division makes cells)
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Johannes Purkinje
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Protoplasm
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Plasmodesmata
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Connecting strands of protoplasm between cells that may serve as intercellular channels for materials
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Types of junctions between cells
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1. Desmosomes
2. Tight 3. Gap |
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Peroxisomes
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Break down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water
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Solution
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Particles uniformly distributed, transparent, particles < 1nm
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Suspension
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Particles settle out, cloudy, particles > 100nm
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Colloid
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particles range from 1nm to 100nm
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Dicontinuous (internal) phase of a colloid
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dispersed particles
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Continuous (external) phase of a colloid
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Medium in which particles are dispersed
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Emulsion
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Liquid dispersed in liquid (milk)
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Plasmolysis
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Shrinking of cell due to a hypertonic environment
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