Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Whats a pathogen? |
A disease producing agent. |
|
Describe Innate |
First line of defence, Broad, non-specifics. -Skin and body secretions -Inflammation -Proteins -Phagocytes |
|
Describe Acquired |
Second Line of Defence Tangelled, Specific -Antibody -Cellular |
|
What is attachment? ( a stage of virus cycles ) |
Proteins in the tails recognize proteins on the host cell. |
|
What is Entry? ( a stage of virus cycles ) |
Virus inserts its nucleic acid into host cell |
|
What is Replication? ( a stage of virus cycles ) |
viral nucleic acid uses cells machinery to copy its DNA |
|
What is Assembly? ( a stage of virus cycles ) |
Protein capsid are made from virus intruction |
|
What is Lysis? ( a stage of virus cycles ) |
host cell ruptures release new virus particles |
|
Formation of a provirus ( a stage of virus cycles ) |
viral nucleic acid inserts int hose chromosome, making a provirus |
|
Reverse Transcription ( a stage of virus cycles ) |
uses special enzyme called "reverse transcriptase" to convert viral RNA into DNA and camoflauge it completely. |
|
three things that viruses are composed of. |
-nucleic acid ( DNA / RNA ) -protein capsid (protects DNA) -membraneous envelope. |
|
4 types of virus shapes |
1.poly hedral ( many sides) 2.helical ( cylindrical ) 3. circular 4. Complex ( alien looking thing with the pentagon and 3 legs. |
|
name the three cycles of virus replication |
1. Lytic cycle 2. Lysogenic cycle 3. Retroviral Cycle |
|
5 shapes of bacteria |
1. Cocci (spheres) 2. Bacilli (rod shaped) 3. Vibrio (comma shaped) 4. spirilla (spirals 5. spirochaetes (coiled) |
|
4 types of bacteria clustering |
1. Exiting in singles ( mono- ) 2. Other form pairs ( diplo- ) 3. chains ( strepto- ) 4. clusters ( staphylo- ) |
|
The most common procedure used to characterise bacteria is the... |
Gram Stain |
|
Gram positive bacteria will stain... |
purple |
|
Gram negative bacteria will stain |
pink |
|
Explain Gram Positive bacteria |
Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker, more dense cell wall that holds in the violet stain, causing them to remain purple |
|
Explain Gram Negative bacteria |
Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner cell wall involving more membranes, which allows the violet stain to leave and the cells appear pink instead |
|
Vaccines contain... |
dead or disabled pathogen |
|
Once the aquired immune system has been exposed to the pathogen, it produces.... |
memory cells |
|
What is active immunity? |
Speeds up the bodies response to the pathogens preventing infection. |