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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Cell Theory? |
All living things are composed of cells, and all cells come from other cells. |
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What are the two types of microscopes? |
Light and electron. |
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What are the types of electron microscopes? |
Scanning electron, and transmitting electron microscopes. |
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How does an electron microscope work? |
By focusing a beam of electrons through a specimen or onto its surface. |
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What is the principle of operation of a scanning electron microscope? |
It focuses a beam of electrons onto the surface of a cell. The electron beam reflects off surface irregularities and turns them into an image. |
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What is the prinicple of operation of a transmitting electron microscope? |
It aims an electron beam through a very thin section of a specimen. The electron beam slows electrons in the cell down and scatters them. |
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Which type of microscope is used to examine cell surfaces? |
A scanning electron microscope. |
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What type of microscope is used to study internal cell structure? |
A transmitting electron microscope. |
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What are the two types of cells? |
Prokaryotic, and eukaryotic. |
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What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells? |
Very small, no nucleus, have a nucleotide region with circular DNA, has nonorganells, always single celled. |
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What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells? |
Varying sizes, dominant nucleus. Linear DNA, highly structured internally, division of labor among organelles, can form tissues. |
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What are the organelles of an animal cell? |
Ribosomes, mitochondria, golgi complex, lysosomes, smooth ER, rough ER, cytoskeleton, centriole, flagella, vacuoles, cytoskeleton, and chromosomes. |
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What is the function of ribosomes? |
Protien synthesis based on instructions from DNA. |
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What is the difference between free ribosomes and ribosomes attached to the Rough ER? |
Free ribosomes make proteins which function inside of the cell for things like breaking down sugar, whereas bound ribosomes create proteins which will be exported out of the cell. |
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What is cytosol? |
A fluid that fills the inside of cells. Cell organelles are suspended in it. |
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What is the difference between fimbriae and flagella? |
Fimbriae are for attaching to things and flagella are for locomotion of cells. |
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What are three things that both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have? |
Both have plasma membranes, chromosomes containing DNA, and ribosomes. |
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What are three features which differ between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? |
Prokaryotic cells have smaller ribosomes, don't have a nucleus to house DNA, and don't have organelles. |
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What is cellular metabolism? |
The chemical activities of cells (breaking or making proteins, packaging of proteins, breaking down sugar etc.). |
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What is the function of the Rough ER? |
Creates proteins which will be transferred to the golgi complex before leaving the cell, and creates membranes. |
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What id the function of the smooth ER? |
Lipid synthesis (oils, phospholipids, and steroids). |
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What is the function of the golgi complex? |
To modify, sort, and ship cell products. |
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What does the number of folds of the golgi complex indicate? |
How active a cell is in secreting proteins. |
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What moves proteins between the ER, golgi complex, and cell exterior? |
Transport vesicles. |
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Where do transport vehicles come from? |
They bud off of the ER or golgi folds. |
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What is a lysosome? |
A membrane enclosed sac of digestive enzymes (protiens). |
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How does the inside of a lysosome differ from the inside of a cell? |
The inside of a lysosome is acidic (has a pH level of 3-4). |
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How is food digested by a cell? |
Food enters the cell in a vacuole, the vacuole is engulfed by a lysosome and the enzymes of the lysosome break down the food. |
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What is a vacuole? |
A large vesicle with many functions such as digestion, transportation, or storage. |
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Is the vacuole part of the endomembtane system? |
Yes, it is formed by pinching off from the plasma membrane, which is part of the endomembrane system. |
