Behavioral Sciences: Chapter 7

Front 1

What are the two main approaches to mental illnes and mental disorder?

Back 1

The biomedical approach

The biopsychosocial aproach.

Front 2

Schizophrenia is the prototypic psychotic disorder. Individuals suffering from a psychotic disorder exhibit one of the following 6 disorders.

Back 2

Delusions

Hallucinations

Disorganized thought

Disorganized behavior

Catatonia

Negative symptoms

Front 3

What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Back 3

Positive symptoms are thoughts, feelings, or behaviors added to normal behavior.

Front 4

In the dsm 5, how is schizophrenia diagnosed? What are the qualifiers?

Back 4

He or she must have at least 2 psychotic symptoms for a duration of 6 months. One of which must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.

Front 5

What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Back 5

Negative symptoms are those that are not present, but normaly seen in a healthy individual. An example includes avolition.

Front 6

What are delusions?

Back 6

Delusions false or erroneous beleifs that are discordant with reality. Delusions are not shared with members of the same culture, and maintained even through evidence to the contrary.

Front 7

This is a type of delusion that occurs when someone beleives that commonplace elements in the environment are directed towards them.

Back 7

Delusions of reference.

Front 8

Define delusions of persecution

Back 8

Delusions of persecution are those that which the sufferer beleives that they are being plotted against, or persecuted.

Front 9

This delusion (common in bipolar 1 disorder) involves the individual beleiving they are very significant, such as a religeous icon or inventor.

Back 9

Delusions of grandeur

Front 10

What are hallucinations?

Back 10

Hallucinations are perceptions that are not due to external stimuli but have a compelling sense of reality.

Front 11

This is characterized by the loosening of associations.

Back 11

This is disorganized thought. This occurs when an individual cannot produce a steady stream of comprehensible language or sentence structure.

Front 12

People with schizophrenia may invent new words. What is this called?

Back 12

Neologism

Front 13

This refers to the inability to carry out certain functions in every day life.

Back 13

Disorganized behavior.

Front 14

What is catatonia? Why is it important?

Back 14

Catatonia is the abnormal physical movement of someone. This is important because those suffering from psychosis may be exhibiting this behavior.

Front 15

What is the repetition of someone elses words? What about someone elses movements?

Back 15

Echolalia is the repetition of someone elses words, while

Echopraxia is the repetition of physical movements.

Front 16

What is the expression of emotion?

Back 16

Affect

Front 17

This is a negative symptom of schizophrenia. This disturbance is caused when mood is altered.

Back 17

Disturbance of affect

Front 18

What is the prodromal phase?

Back 18

The prodromal phase is the span of time during the onset of schizophrenia. This is characterized by symptoms of poor adjustment, and overall the inability to adapt to the world.

Front 19

Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder. What one thing must someone undergo to show that they have this disorder?

Back 19

One must undergo a major depressive episode in order to be considered majorly depressed. A major depressive disorder is a period of at least two weeks with at least 5 of the qualifiers (listed on next card).

Front 20

What are the complete list of symptoms someone must exhibit (5) for two weeks in order to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder?

Back 20

Prominent and relatively persistent depressed mood, loss of interest and happiness in once exciting activities (anhedonia), appetite disturbances, substantial weight changes, sleep disturbances, decreased energy, feeling of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty concentrating or thinking, psychomotor symptoms, and thoughts of suicide.

Front 21

This diagnosis is given to someone who suffers from dysthymia. They present the same symptoms of a major depressive disorder, but not for the required anount of time.

Back 21

Persistent depressive disorder

Front 22

Manic episodes are normally characterized by persistently elevated mood lasting at least one week. With at least three of the following symptoms:

Back 22

Increased distractability, decresed need for sleep, inflated self esteem, racing thoughts, increased goal orientated activity, pressured speech or increased talketiveness, and involvement in high risk behavior.

Front 23

What determines if someone has bipolar 1?

Back 23

Bipolar 1 is characterized by having manic episodes, but with or without major depressive episodes.

Front 24

Whats the difference between bipolar 1 and bipolar 2?

Back 24

Bipolar 1 has hypomania with at least one major depressive episode. Hypomania is a term used for slight manic behavior.

Front 25

Related to bipolar disorders, cyclothymic disorder is characterized by what?

Back 25

Cyclothymic disorder is characterized by episodes of hypomania followed by dysthymia that are not long enough to qualify as major depressive episodes.

Front 26

What does the catecholamine theory of depression state?

Back 26

The catecholamine theory of depression states that depression is caused by the lack of seretonin and norepinephrine, while mania is caused by an excess of it.

Front 27

This anxiety disorder is exhibted when one has a disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things for at least 6 months

Back 27

Generalized anxiety disorder

Front 28

What is the most common type of anxiety disorder?

Back 28

Specific phobia.

Front 29

What is a phobia?

Back 29

A phobia is an irrational fear of something that reaults in a compelling desire to avoid it.

Front 30

This disorder is characterized by an individual fearing certain places or fearing places that they feel they cannot escape.

Back 30

Agoraphobia

Front 31

This disorder is caused by intrusive, unwanted thoughts or feelings, and is quelled by actions.

Back 31

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Front 32

This broad class of disorders deals with people escaping from identities.

Back 32

Dissociative disorder

Front 33

This is characterized by the inability to recall past events (not trauma related)

Back 33

Dissociative disorder

Front 34

What is depersonalization disorder?

Back 34

Individuals feel detached from their own mind and body, such as an out of body experience.

Front 35

What is derealization?

Back 35

Derealization occurs when the world has almost a dreamlike state, and it does not seem real anymore.

Front 36

This is a disorder charqcterized by at least 1 somatic symptom that is accompanied by disproportionate concerns about its seriousness, devotion of an excessive amount of time and energy to to, or elevated levels of anxiety.

Back 36

Somatic symptom disorder

Front 37

What is illness anxiety disorder?

Back 37

Illness anxiety disorder is seen in someone who is consumed with thought or worries about their health.

Front 38

What is conversion disorder?

Back 38

Conversion disorder is characterized by unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions. Such as someone being blind without any physical damage.

Front 39

A personality disorder is a pattern of behavior that in inflexible and maladaptive, causing distress or impaired functioning in at least 2 of the following:

Back 39

Cognition

Emotions

Interpersonal functioning

Impulse control

Front 40

What are the three clusters of persobality disorders?

Back 40

Cluster A: paranoid, schizotypal, schizoid.

Cluster B: antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

Cluster C: avoidant, dependent, and obsessive compulsive.

The three w's (weird, wild, worried)

Front 41

What are the three personality disorders in cluster A?

Back 41

Paranoid, schizotypal, schizoid.

Front 42

What are the four personality disorders in cluster B?

Back 42

Narcassistic, borderline, histrionic, antisocial.

Front 43

What are the 3 personality disorder organized in cluster C?

Back 43

Avoidant, dependant, obsessive compulsive

Front 44

This disorder is marked by the pervasive mistrust of others and suspicion regarding their motives.

Back 44

Paranoid personality disorder.

Front 45

This disorder is marked by odd patterns of eccentric thinking. These include magical thinking, and ideas of reference. In some cases these patients may be in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia, and termed morbid.

Back 45

Schizotypal personality disorder

Front 46

What are aymptoms of schizoid personality disorder?

Back 46

Schizoids generally exhibit little to none social interaction, and find it difficult to be in social settings. These individuals experience a pervasive pattern of detachment from relationships as well as a restricted range of emotion.

Front 47

This cluster b disorder is 3 times more common in males than females. What is it? Explain what it is.

Back 47

This is antisocial personality disorder. The number one signifier of this disorder is the disregard for and violation of the rights of others.

Front 48

This disorder is marked by a pervasive instability in interpersonal mood, and self-image. Relationships with these people are usually short, intense, and unstable.

Back 48

Borderline personality disorder

Front 49

This personality disorder is marked by constant attention seeking. Such as wearing bright colored clothes, being dramatic, etc.

Back 49

Histrionic personality disorder

Front 50

This personality disorder isnseen in those with fragile self esteem, and those who have a gradiose sense of self.

Back 50

Narcassistic personality disorder

Front 51

People with this disorder are affected by extreme shyness and fear of rejection. These individuals tend to stay in the same jobs and same relationships even though they want change.

Back 51

Avoidant personality disorder

Front 52

This cluster c personality disorder is characterized by a constant need for reassurance. These individuals tend to rely on a signicant other to make decisions for them.

Back 52

Dependent persobality disorder

Front 53

This personality disorder is seen in someone who is strict on rules and order.

Back 53

Obesessive compulsive personality disorder.

Front 54

What mutations on what chromosomes are shown to be contributing factors to alzheimers?

Back 54

Mutations on the preselin genes on chromosomes 1 and 14 as well as mutations in the apolipoptotein E. On chromosome 19.

Front 55

What is the biological basis of parkinsons disease?

Back 55

There is decreased dopamine in the substantia nigra. The sunstantia nigra is a layer of cells in the brain that ptoduce dopamine to permit the proper function of the basal ganglia.