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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the typical duration of pain associated with an MI?
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>30 min
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Why is thromboxane a pro-coagulant?
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Induces platlet stickiness
makes platelets MORE sticky Increases gp 1b and gpIIb/IIIa to stick out further |
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What nerve root is being tested by the biceps reflex?
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C5
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If you wanted to test range of motion of the shoulder what test would be probably best to utilize?
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Apley scratch test
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What is the most common brachial plexus injury and what nerve roots are damaged in this case?
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Erb Duchenne --> C5,C6
Superior aspect of brachial plexus |
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What tests are positive or tend to be positive in thoracic outlet syndrome?
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Apley's scratch
Roo's Allen's |
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How does adhesive capsulitis develop from a general perspective?
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Non-movement of the shoulder causes fibrosis
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What is the nl carrying angle of the female?
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10-12 degress
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What are the 2 primary supinators of the forearm?
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biceps and supinator
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What is the technical term for tennis elbow and strain of what group of muscles causes this?
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Strain of extensors***
Lateral Epicondylitis |
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What are the 3 common tests for carpal tunnel syndrome?
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Tinnel's
Phalen's Prayer |
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What nerve os entrapped in carpal tunnel syndrome?
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Median Nerve
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If the MCP and DIP and PIP is contracted, what hand deformity is present?
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Boutaneer's
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What nerve can be damaged in bishop's deformity?
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Median and Ulnar N
Constant Bishop = ulnar n If only occurs when grab for something = median n |
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Why is thomboxane a pro-coagulant?
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platlets more sticky
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What is the main difference in the mechanism of action between streptokinase and TPA?
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Streptokinase - acts on all plasminogen and will degrade new and old clots
tPA - Fibrin selective, only destroys clots already bound to fibrin |
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Name the general action of each of the 4 classes of antiarrhythmics drugs
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Na Blockers
Beta blockers K channel blockers CCB |
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To what class of inotropic drugs do digoxin and digitoxin belong?
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Glycosides
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What is the formula for calculating mean blood pressure?
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Diastolic + 1/3(Systolic-Diastolic)
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What is the formula for Total peripheral resistance?
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TPR = MBP/CO
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What is the formula for Clearance?
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Cl = (Urine Flow x [Cr]urine) / [Cr]serum
Note: urine flow must be in ml/min |
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In terms of the kidney and lung which one regulates bicarb and which regulates Carbon Dioxide?
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CO2 = Lung
Bicard = Kidney |
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What is the formula for compliance?
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compliance =
(change in volume)/(change in pressure) |
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What is the formula for elasticity?
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Elasticity =
(change in pressure)/(change in volume) |
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What ion channel is ope during the upstroke phase of the action potenial?
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Na
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Is the sodium-potassium channel and example of active, faciliated, or secdondary active transport?
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Active
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What about the sodium-glucose carriers?
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facilitated-active transport
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What is the major prophylactic agent for asthma
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chromyln
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What 2 receptors if stimulated will increased cAMP?
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Beta and H2
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What 3 hormones / drugs will increase cGMP?
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Nitrous oxide
AMP Viagra - sildenafil |
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With regard to G proteins which one inhibits adenylate cyclase?
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Gi
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Which G protein stimulates adenylate cyclase?
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Gs
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Which G protein activates phospholipase C
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Gq
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What type of nerve fiber innervates skeletal muscle?
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A-alpha
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What is the diameter in comparison with other types of nerve fibers?
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Largest nerve diameter
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What 2 types of nerve fibers are involved with afferent and efferent innervation of the muscle spindle?
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Afferent - nerve to spinal cord**
A-alpha Efferent - to the spindle fibers A-gamma |
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What touch receptors sense:
Pressure? Touch? Pain and Temp? Vibration? |
Pressure - Merckles
Touch - Meisner's corpuscle and hair follicles Pain and Temp - free nerve endings Vibration - pancinan corpuscles |
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Describe the lens elasticity in presbyopic pts?
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become incapable to see up close without reading glasses
Cannot shorten focal length of lens - loss of elasticity |
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Does the slow or fast phase of eye movement determine the direction of nystagmus that we note?
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fast phase
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Compare and contrast deafness in terms of what is damaged / defective in the ear and what the results of the Rinne and Weber tests are
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Conduction deafness - cannot conduct sound - due to obstruction of sound waves, such ear is filled with an object
Weber test - place tuning fork on the forehead and see which side it lateralizes to, hear best**. Sound will lateralize to WORST ear** Rinne - Bone conduction vs air conduction, hold tuning form behind ear and when cannot hear it move to air beside ear. bone > air in sick pt |
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What does SNS stimulation of the bronchi effect?
GI? Spincters? Pupils? GI tract in general - motility? |
bronchi - dialation
GI sphincters - contraction Pupils - dialation GI tract - motility: decrease motility |
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Which cholinergic recepto in general are found on autonomic ganglia and the neuromuscular junction?
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Nicotinic type 2 - neuromusclar juntion
nicotinic type 1 - autonomic ganglia |
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Which cholinergic receptors are on sweat glands?
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muscarinic
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Which cholinergic receptors are on postsynaptic parasympathetic?
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cholinergic response - muscarinic
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Identify which adrenergic receptor do the following:
1. post SNS vasodilation and bronchodilation 2. presynaptic SNS 3. CNS 4. Postsynaptic SNS on heart 5. postsynaptic SNS with vasoconstrictive and GI inhibitory effects |
1. post SNS vasodilation and bronchodilation - B2
2. presynaptic SNS - A2 3. CNS - A2 4. Postsynaptic SNS on heart - B1 5. postsynaptic SNS with vasoconstrictive and GI inhibitory effects - A1 |
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What nodes in the heart are innervated by the left vs the right vagus nerve, and what specific aspect of heart function is controlled by these 2 different branches of the vagus?
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Left vagus - AV node
decrease conduction though AV node Right vagus - SA node, decrease frequency of SA node and decreased HR |
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What component of muscles measures muscle length?
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spindles
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When stimulated do spindles activate or inhibit alpha motor neurons?
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activate
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Which has the highest glycotic capacity: red or white skeletal muscle?
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White
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What does calcium bind to intracellulary in the process of activation of contraction of skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle?
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skeletal muscle: troponin
smooth muscle: calmodulin cardiac: troponin |
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What does the a-wave assess in the cardiac pressures?
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filling
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What part of the lung is perfusion the greatest?
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base of lung
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In what part is ventilation the greatest?
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base of lung
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in what part does ventilation far exceed perfusion?
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apex of lung
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At what level of the brainstem may a transection occur that will have NO EFFECT on respiration
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above the pons
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What adrenal disorder is characterized by overproduction of androgens?
mineralcorticoids? glucocorticoids? |
androgens - virulization
mineralcorticoids - Conn's Glucocorticoids - Cushings |
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What is the primary motion of T11 and T12
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flexsion and extension
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What rib dysfunction exists if the ribs are stuck down?
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Exhalation dysfunction
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What rib restriction exists if the ribs are stuck down?
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inhalation rest
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What is the key rib in these situations?
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top rib
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In what gender is dysplastic spondylolisthesis most common?
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female
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What type of spondylolisthesis is this?
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type 1
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When does the initial defect occur?
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at birth
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