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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Groups |
Vertical columns on the periodic table |
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periods |
horizontal rows on the periodic table |
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metals |
largest group of elements on the periodic table
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metalloids |
elements with metal and non-metal characteristics |
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non-metals |
elements in the far upper right of the periodic table |
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Alkali metals |
elements in group 1 with one valence electron and are extremely reactive
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Alkaline Earth Metals |
elements in group 2 with 2 valence electrons and are very reactive |
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transition metals |
elements in group 3-12 which have many useful properties |
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halogens |
elements in group 17 known as "salt formers" with 7 valence electrons |
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Noble Gases |
elements in group 18 are very unreactive, "inert", and have 8 valence electrons |
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atom |
smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical identity of that element |
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neutron |
subatomic particle with a charge of zero (neutral) and a mass of 1 |
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nucleus |
very small, very dense, positively charged center of the atom |
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proton |
positively charged particle found in the nucleus |
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electronegativity |
the ability of an atom to take an electron from another atom, strength of the nuclear attraction |
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electron |
negatively charged, very small, fast orbiting particle found outside the nucleus |
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atomic number |
number of protons (+) an atom has, determines atoms identity and placement on the periodic table |
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mass number (atomic mass) |
number of protons (+) plus number of neutrons (+-) |
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orbital |
region around the nucleus of an atom where an electron is likely to be found |
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ionization energy |
the amount of energy needed to remove the outermost electron from an atom |
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valence electron |
the outermost electrons (highest principal energy level) largely responsible for atoms bonding |