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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A controller’s primary responsibility is to __________.
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ensure separation of aircraft
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Within the primary purpose of the ATC system is the requirement to prevent a collision between aircraft operating in the system. This is done by applying separation between:
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aircraft and protected airspace
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Define: the spacing of aircraft to achieve their safe and orderly movement in flight and while landing and taking off.
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Separation
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What 3 ways can aircraft be separated in a radar and nonradar environment?
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1. Vertically
2. Laterally 3. Longitudinally |
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How is each of the following separation minima expressed?
1. Vertically 2. Laterally 3. Longitudinally |
1. Vertically-expressed in feet
2. Laterally-expressed in miles, airways, or routes. 3. Longitudinally-express in miles/minutes |
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Define: the minimum longitudinal, lateral, or vertical distances by which aircraft are spaced through the application of air traffic control procedures.
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separation minima
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________is a level of constant atmospheric pressure related to a reference datum of ______ inches of mercury
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Flight level
29.92 |
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Altimeter setting above 18,000ft?
Altimeter setting below 18,00ft? |
29.92
Local altimeter settings at stations they fly over within 100 miles |
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An aircraft's flight level is an altitude referencing what?
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a standard barometric pressure (air pressure)
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Define: the vertical spacing of aircraft achieved by the assignment of different altitudes or flight levels used with radar or non- radar procedures.
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Vertical Separation
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______ aircraft are assigned different altitudes/flight levels to meet standard separation requirements.
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IFR
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What is the basic minimum altitude separation between IFR aircraft?
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1,000 feet for aircraft up to and including FL410.
2,000 feet for aircraft above FL410 up to and including FL600. 5,000 feet for aircraft flying above FL600 |
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Why does the separation minima increase with altitude?
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The separation minima increase with altitude because altimeter errors are more likely at higher altitudes, so greater separation is needed.
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What does RVSM stand for and what is it used for?
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Reduced Vertical Separation Minima
used for RVSM equipped Aircraft with vertical navigation equipment of 1000' between FL290 and FL410 |
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Non-RVSM aircraft are assigned at which altitudes?
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At or Below FL280
At or Above FL430 |
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Can non-RVSM aircraft enter between FL290 and FL410? If so, what is the separation minima?
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Yes, only through climb and descent or can be assigned altitudes if:
Department of Defense (DOD) aircraft Lifeguard air ambulance aircraft Aircraft flown by manufacturers for certification and development Foreign State aircraft Most NASA aircraft Must have 2000' Vertical |
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What is the Vertical separation for block altitudes?
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1,000ft above RVSM
2,000ft above non-RVSM 1,000ft below RVSM |
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How are IFR aircraft vertically separated from fuel dumping aircraft?
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1,000ft above (through FL410)
2,000ft above (above FL410) 2,000ft below |
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Vertical separation for SUA and ATCAA?
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Up to and including FL290 500' above, 500' below
Above FL290 1,000' above, 1000' below |
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Define: the lateral spacing of aircraft at the same altitude by requiring operation on different routes or in different geographical locations.
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Lateral Separation
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Headings must diverge by atleast ______
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45 degrees
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Define: the longitudinal spacing of aircraft at the same altitude by a minimum distance expressed in units of time or miles
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Longitudinal separation
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What is the standard minima for non-radar longitudinal separation?
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10 minutes or 20 miles
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To establish non-radar longitudinal separation using time, what methods can be used:
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Depart at a specified time
Arrive at a fix at a specified time Hold at a fix until a specified time Change altitude at a specified time or fix |
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Radar separation is applied between:
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Aircraft.
Aircraft and adjacent airspace. Aircraft and obstructions depicted on the radar display. |
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T/F Vertical separation minima are the same in the radar environment as they are in the non-radar environment.
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True
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For Terminal Radar Separation minima, what are the requirements?
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Less than 40 miles, 3 miles
40 miles or more, 5 miles |
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For en route radar separation minima, what are the requirements? (Longitudinal and lateral)
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For aircraft at or above FL600, 10 miles separation is required.
For aircraft below FL600, 5 miles separation is required. |
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Define: a means employed by ATC to separate aircraft in the NAS.
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Visual separation
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what are 3 types of visual separation?
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Tower Visual Separation
Radar Visual Separation Visual Separation used in conjunction with visual approaches |
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Visual separation can be used up to
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FL180 but not including
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What type of separation is applied by Tower controllers only?
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Runway Separation
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Holding is used for:
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Traffic en route.
Arrival delays. Weather at destination. Flow control. Spacing. |
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What are the types of runway separation?
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same runway
departure vs. arrival intersecting non-intersecting |
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Define:
is a predetermined maneuver which keeps an aircraft within a specified airspace while awaiting further clearance from air traffic control. |
Holding procedure
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define:
refers to measures designed to adjust the flow of traffic into a given airspace, along a given route, or bound for a given airport, so as to ensure the most effective utilization of airspace. |
Flow control
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define:
a specified fix identifiable to a pilot by NAVAIDs or visual reference to the ground used as a reference point in establishing and maintaining the position an aircraft while holding. |
holding fix
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define:
the fix, point, or location to which an aircraft is cleared when issued an air traffic clearance. |
clearance limit
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refers to the time a pilot can expect to receive clearance beyond a clearance limit.
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Expect Further Clearance (EFC)
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