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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
tetracyclines
tetracycline (Sumycin)
doxycycline (Vibramycin), minocycline (Minocin), demeclocycline (Declomycin)
tetracycline MOA
tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit micro-organism growth by preventing protein synthesis (bacteriostatic)
tetracycline uses
administered topically and orally to treat acne vulgaris and topically for periodontal disease

also used as front line for:
rickettsial infections, such as typhus fever or Rocky Mountain spotted fever
infections of the urethra or cervix caused by chlamydia trachomatis
brucellosis
pneumonia
lyme disease
anthrax
GI infections caused by H. pylori
tetracycline adverse
GI discomfort
yellow/brown tooth discoloration- do not give to children under age 8
photosensitivity
suprainfection of bowel
dizziness, lightheadedness, with minocycline
tetracycline contraindications
use during fourth month of pregnancy can cause staining of the decidous teeth, but will not have a permanent effect on permanent teeth.
liver and renal disease
tetracycline interactions
milk products, calcium or iron supplements, laxatives containing magnesium, antacids reduce abosorption of tetracycline
minocycline and doxycycline increase risk of digoxin toxicity
tetracycline admin
empty stomach
minocycline may be taken with food
taking tetracyclines before lying down increases the chance of esophageal ulceration and should be avoided
maintain 2 hr interval between ingestion of chelating agents and meds
tetracycline effectiveness
decrease in manifestations of infection
resolution of yeast infections of mouth, vagina, and bowels
resolution of acne vulgaris facial lesions
macrolides
proto: erythromycin (E-Mycin)
other: azithromycin (Zithromax)
erythromycin (macrolide) MOA
slows growth of microorganisms by inhibiting protein synthesis but can be bactericidal if given for susceptible bacteria at high enough doses
erythromycin uses
treat infections in those who have a penicillin allergy
used for clients with Legionnare's disease, whooping cough, and acute diptheria
chlamydia infections
respiratory tract infections caused by S. pneumonae
erythromycin adverse
GI discomfort
prolonged QT
ototoxicity
erythromycin contraindications
pre-existing liver disease
QT prolongation
erythromycin interactions
inhibits metabolism of anihistamines, theophylline, carbamazepine, warfarin, digoxin- can lead to toxicity of these meds

verapamil and ditiazem, HIV protease, antifungal meds, and nefazodone inhibit hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes which can lead to erythromycin toxicity, causing a tachydysrhythmia and possible cardiac arrest
erythromycin nursing admin
monitor PT/INR of clients who take warfarin
azithromycin can be administered with food
erythromycin effectiveness
decrease in clinical manifestations of infection
aminoglycosides
proto: gentamicin

other: amikacin (Amikin)
toramycin
neomycin (Mycifradin)
streptomycin
paromomycin (oral)
aminoglycosides MOA
bactericidal antibiotics that destory microorganisms by disrupting protein synthesis
aminoglycosides use
med of choice against aerobic gram-negative bacilli, such as E. Coli, Klebsiella pneumonae, Proteus, and Pseud. aeruginosa
paromomycin is used for intestinal amebiasis and tapeworm infections
oral neomycin is often used prior to GI surgery to suppress normal flora, and topically treat infections of the eye, ear, and skin
streptomycin is used to treat active tuberculosis along with other meds and to treat a variety of other serious infections caused by gram-positive, gram-negative or acid fast bacteria
aminoglycosides adverse
ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity
intensified neuromuscular blockade
hypersensitivity
streptomycin adverse
neurologic disorder (peripheral neurtitis, optic nerve dysfunction, tingling/ numbness of hands and feet
streptomycin contraindications
kidney impairment
pre-existing hearing loss or myasenthia gravis
caution to those taking ethnacrynic acid (increases risk for ototoxicity) amphotericin B, cephalosporins, vancomycin (increases risk for nephrotoxicity), and neuromuscular blocking agents such as tubocurarine
kidney impairment
aminoglycoside interactions
penicillin will inactivate aminoglycosides when mixed in the same IV solution
administered concurrently with other ototoxic meds the risk for ototoxicity increases
aminoglycoside admin
peak- 30 min after admin of amioglycoside IM or 30 min after an IV infusion has finished
trough- right before next dose
aminoglycoside med effectiveness
decrease of infection, improvement of urinary tract effects, wound healing