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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which way do parallels of latitude run |
East to west |
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What are meridians? |
Parallels of longitude that run north to south |
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What is a great circle? |
Equator Two opposing meridians |
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What degree is the equator located at |
0 degrees |
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What degree of latitude is the north and South Pole located? |
North Pole: 90 degrees north South Pole: 90 degrees south |
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How are coordinates written? |
Degree then minutes. No seconds for ATC |
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How are coordinates written? |
Degree then minutes. No seconds for ATC |
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What is the prime meridian? |
Greenwich meridian. Longitudinal degrees are referenced from the prime meridian. |
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When giving coordinates. What is used first, latitude or longitude? |
Latitude is always stated first. |
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How are latitude and longitude readings read on a map. |
Latitude readings go from bottom to top, and longitudes are read from right to left. |
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The reference line used to mean sure north-south distances is? |
Equator |
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What is a great circle route? |
The shortest distance between two points on a sphere. Looks like an arc if you were to map on a globe. |
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What is a great circle route? |
The shortest distance between two points on a sphere. Looks like an arc if you were to map on a globe. |
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What is a rhumb line? |
A line which makes the same angle with each meridian of longitude. Longer route Aircraft would just hold a constant heading. Does not take into account the curvature of the earth. |
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How far is a nautical mile in: feet? Statute miles? |
6,076.1ft 1.15 SM |
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How far is 1 statute mile in: Feet? Nautical miles? |
5,280 ft .87 nautical miles |
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What is the rule of thumb regarding statute and nautical miles? |
Statute miles will always be greater than nautical miles. |
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What are the time zones in the contiguous U.S. and what are their time conversion factors for UTC? |
Eastern standard: +5 Central Standard: +6 Mountain Standard: +7 Pacific Standard: +8 Alaska Standard: +9 Hawaii Standard: +10 |
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Time zone is established every _____? |
15 degrees of longitude. |
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What is the indicated airspeed? |
Shown on aircrafts airspeed indicator. |
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What is true airspeed? |
Speed relative to an undisturbed airmass. |
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What is ground speed? |
Airspeed relative to the ground. Corrected for head or tail wind. |
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What is true airspeed used for? |
Flight planning |
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What happens to the indicated airspeed when there is an increase in altitude? |
Indicated decreases because less air density to act on the instruments. |
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What is true course? |
It is the intended path of a craft. |
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What is the aircrafts track? |
Actual path of the aircraft. |
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What is the amount of drift equal to? |
Drift is equal to the wind speed over one hour. 20 knot wind speed = 20 mile drift off course after an hour |
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What is true heading? |
True course corrected for wind Ie: crab angle |
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What is magnetic variation? |
Angular difference between true north and magnetic north |
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What is true north? |
Geographic North Pole |
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What is true north? |
Geographic North Pole |
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What is magnetic north |
The magnetic North Pole. It's always moving. It's 1300 miles from true north |
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What are isogonic lines? |
Lines that connect points of equal difference between true north and magnetic north. |
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What is agonic line? |
Connects points of zero variation. No correction is needed for navigation. |
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What is the rule for using isogonic lines for navigation? |
East is least (-) West is best (+) |
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What is magnetic deviation? |
Magnetic compass error due to influences in the aircraft. |
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What is dead reckoning? |
Navigation by means of computations based on airspeed, course, heading, wind direction, and speeds. |
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What is pilotage? |
Navigation based solely on reference of maps and landmarks. |
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What is radio navigation. |
Navigation based solely on the use of instruments. |
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How many operational GPS satellites are there? |
24 |
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How many satellites are needed for GPS navigation? |
4 |
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What is TACAN? |
Ultra high frequency electronic navigation. |
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True or False... VOR is more accurate than a TACAN? |
False |
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What is the range of a TACAN? |
Same as a VOR |
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How do you access the TACAN? |
Use the channel number. |
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What is DME? |
Distance measuring equipment. |
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What distance does DME use? |
Slant range |
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What spectrum does DME use? |
UHF |
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TACAN station projects _______ A: 360 useable true radials B: 360 useable magnetic radials C: An infinite number of bearings |
360 useable magnetic radials |
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TACAN frequencies are in what band? |
UHF |
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What is a VORTAC? |
Uses TACAN and VOR along with DME equipment on one site. |
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What are the three individual services that a VORTAC provides? |
VOR azimuth TACAN azimuth TACAN distance (DME) |
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What DME equipment on the ground is required to respond to the aircraft interrogator |
Transponder. |
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ILS is designed to provide |
Course and altitude guidance |
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What does ILS equipment consist of? |
Two transmitting systems 2-3 marker beacons. |
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What does localizer provide? Glide slope? Market beacons? |
Localizer: horizontal guidance Glide slope: vertical guidance Marker beacons: range info |
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What is a Compass locator? |
Low power, low or medium frequency radio beacon installed at the site of the outer or middle marker. |
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What band frequency does the localizer operate on? |
VHF |
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What is the usable distance from the antenna that a localizer can be picked up? |
18 NM 1000 ft above the highest terrain along the course. 4500 ft above the elevation of the antenna site. |
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Laterally, what is the useable distance for the localizer? |
18NM: 10 degree either side of the course 10 NM: 10-36 degree either side of the course. |
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Where is the glide slope located on the runway |
1000 ft from the approach end |
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What frequency does the glide slope operate on |
UHF |
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What does the glide slope provide to the pilot? |
Descent information down to the lowest authorized descent altitude. (DA) |
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What is the self contained navigation system? |
Inertial navigation system |
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What is special about the INS system? |
It does not require information from external references. |
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What is INS's accuracy? |
Very high, decreases 1-2 NM per hour. Position alignment can be accomplished in flight over external references (VOR/DNE etc) |
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Can INS be used as sole means of navigation? |
No |