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34 Cards in this Set

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Definition

chronic inflammatory disorder of airways

Asthma associated with..?

airway hyperresponsiveness


wheezing 🐦


breathlessness🤐


chest tightness


coughing🤧

Patient came with Recurrent wheezing ,cough at night ,after exercise and after exposure to allergens or pollutants .


After that he came with Colds which take more than 10 days to clear


What’s your diagnosis

Asthma

What will u see in asthmatic airway???

Smooth muscle dysfunction


Inflam (edema/mucus)


Remodel

What are the airway structural cells

epithelial cells


Smooth muscle cells


Endothelial cells


Fibroblasts


Airway nerves

Cell that sense mechanical environment

epithelial cells

Rule of fibroblast

Airway remodel

Cell that release inflam protein

Smooth muscle cells

Cell that recruits inflammatory cells

Endothelial cells

Parasympathetic action

Brochioconstrictor


Smooth muscle contaction


Mucus secretion


Ipratropium is anticholinergic


What’s its action ??

bronchodilatation


decreased secretions

Sympathetic action ?

relaxation of airway smooth muscles

Salbutamol is β 2 adrenergic agonists


What is the action ??

Brochiodilator



For asthma

Mediator of

Symp—— cateocholamine


Parasymp—-Ach


Non—-NO

Action of Non adrenergic Non Cholinergic inhibitory system.

run in the vagal trunk , but cause bronchial smooth muscle to relax.🤷🏻‍♂️🤷🏻‍♂️

What are the inflam cell in asthma

• Mast Cells


• Eosinophills


• T lymphocytes


• Dendritic cells


• Macrophages


• Neutrophils

Cell prod brochioconstrictor subs like —(histamine,leukotrien,prosta)

Mast cell

Cell that release proteins that damage airway cells

Eosinophils

Brochconstrictor mediator

Leukotrien


Histamine


Prostaglandin

What occurs in early phase of asthma

Allergen stimulate Mast cell to release histamin/ prosta/leukotrien Which lead to brochioconstrictor and infiltration of inflam cell

What occurs in late phase of asthma

Airways inflam cause edema and tissue injury

What’s (1,2,3,4)

1) IL4,13


2) IL5


3) IgE


4) histamine,leukotrien, prosta

How airway resistance increase in asthma

IgE mediate release of IL5 ,IL-b4 which bind to eosinophil to release Leukotrien ,MBP ,ROS


** The results in.......


1) ⬆️ airway inflam —damage airway epith— stop cillia function — +sensory nerve—narrow airway


2) ⬆️ edema —airway narrow

Complication of increase airway resistance

⬆️ WOB—- fatigue


V/Q mismatch


Hypoxia

Complication of increase airway resistance

⬆️ WOB—- fatigue


V/Q mismatch


Hypoxia

Both O2 and CO2 will decrease in case of ..... but CO2 is high in case of ......

Hypoxia


V/Q mismatch (cyanosis)


Asthma started with hypoxia and hypocarbia


If uncontrolled,CO2 amount will increase. Why???

accessory muscle get tired 😓 because of less O2


So ventilation will decrease and CO2 will build in body

Acidosis cause increase of bicarbonate ( compensation)

What will U give in sever asthma symptoms??

O2


Salbutamol


Ipratropium


Hydrocortisone


Mg sulphate (IV)

What will U give in sever asthma symptoms??

O2


Salbutamol


Ipratropium


Steroids


Mg sulphate (IV)

Complication of asthma

Resp failure


Acidosis


Pneumothorax


Lung collapse

Complications of COPD

Pulmonary hypertension


Resp failure


Pneumothorax

Complications of COPD

Pulmonary hypertension


Resp failure


Pneumothorax

Type of resp failure

Type 1–hypoxemic


(pneumonia)


Type 2–hypoxia /hypercapnia


(COPD)

Complications of COPD

Pulmonary hypertension


Resp failure


Pneumothorax

Resp failure who PaO2<60