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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Number of different languages at time of contact in North America |
200 |
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Number of people in North America at time of contact |
10 to 12 million people |
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By this year, natives had been de-populated by about 95% |
1600, due mostly to diseases brought by Europeans |
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Art had |
Specific purpose |
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May have been functional, or may have been creative expression of personal pride |
Decoration |
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Culture of mound builders |
Adena |
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Skilled rendering of figure, emphasis on head, animated face, perhaps cult object |
Pipe in shape of a figure, Adena, Ancient Woodlands, 500 BD to AD 1 |
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Serpent Mound |
Adams County, Ohio, 1250 feet long, 20 feet wide, 4-5 feet high |
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Anthromorphic and zoomorphic shapes (serpent, bird, and humans) |
Mica cutouts |
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Platform pipe with animal on top, spirit guardian usually faces smoker, communication with animal spirit |
Pipes |
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Four stage series of mounds oriented to the solstices, aligned with plazas, pathways, was a living and ceremonial center |
Cahokia, Illinois |
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Human figures used as grave goods |
Marble Figurines, Etowah |
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Incised designs on shells, from the gulf, traded inland, eye-of-falcon motif is seen frequently, holds decapitated hand |
Shell gorget, Mississippian, Ancient Woodlands |
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O.B.S. I |
Artifacts are images of female figures made from ivory, might have been fertility figures or to help in childbearing |
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O.B.S. II |
Mot prevalent objects from this period are Winged Objects, use is uncertain, but probably counterbalances for spear or harpoon |
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O.B.S. III |
Useful, but undetermined, objects with dense patterns |
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Ipuitak |
Parallel to the O.B.S. culture but in the Point Hope area |
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Masks |
Burial masks for a cult of dead that emphasized funeral goods |
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Refer to anytime before contact with Europeans |
Prehistoric |
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Three major cultural groups |
Prehistoric southwest |
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Centered around Four Corners area |
Anasazi |
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Pueblo I |
AD 750 to 900, above ground masonry rooms begin to appear
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Pueblo II |
AD 900 to 1100, urban complexes developed, multiple roomed, multi-stories structures (pueblos) |
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Pueblo III |
AD 1100 to 1300, the era of large pueblos, great multi-story apartments of stone masonry |
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Anasazi site in New Mexico |
Chaco Canyon |
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Ruins of nine structures in the canyon |
Chaco Canyon |
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Over 100 townships and related sites in the vicinity of Chaco Canyon |
Outliers |
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D shaped, arrange as two halves with a single entrance |
Pueble Bonito |
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Circular, covered pit used for ceremonies |
Kivas |
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A small indentation in the ground called |
Sipapu, symbolic navel (kachinas emerge from here) |
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Pueblo IV activity |
Kiva painting (elaborate and formal paintings of various kachinas) |
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Anasazi location in southwest Colorado |
Mesa Verde |
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Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde |
Anasazi, Ancient Southwest |
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Tallest structures are 4 stories, has 200-250 rooms |
Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde |
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Between 1150 and 1300 most Anasazi sites were abandoned |
Anasazi abandonment/dislocation |
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Lived in the Sonoran Desert, around the Salt and Gila Rivers (Arizona) |
Hohokam |
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Mogollon, AD 1 to 1150 |
West New Mexico, east Arizona |
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Lived along the Mimbres River in New Mexico / east Arizone |
Mimbres |
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Mimbres Bowl, Mogollon |
Ancient southwest, 1050 to 1300 AD |
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Bodies were buried in flex position with bowl inverted over head of deceased |
Mimbres bowl |
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Most have a hole punched in bottom, called the kill-hole |
Mimbres bowl |
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From OBS I (200 BC to AD 100) the most numerous artifacts are |
Images of females made from ivory (walrus tusk) |
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The most prevalent objects from OBS II (AD 100 to 300) have been named |
Winged Objects |
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During OBS III (AD 300 to 500) many useful, but undetermined, objects with |
Dense surface patterning have been found |
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Another ancient culture that parallels in time to the OBS culture but in a different area (Point Hope), made elaborate masks for burials that indicate a cult of dead that emphasized funeral goods. |
Ipuitak |
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Bird, fish, deer, bear, snake, and people are all common motifs in this art |
Hopewell |
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Mica hand |
Hopewell |
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Designs on shell gorgets (round ornaments) and breastplates indicate another Mississippian cult |
Hopewell, Southern Cult |
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In the Southwest there were three major ancient developments |
Anasazi in the four corners area, Hohokam in southern Arizona, Mogollon in south-eastern Arizona, and south-western New Mexico. |
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Also referred to as Ancient Puebloan |
The Anasazi |
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The largest and greatest achievement of the Anasazi, a structure built in Chaco Canyon in New Mexico |
Pueblo Bonito |
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Lived in the Sonoran Desert, around the Salt and Gila Rivers in Arizo |
Hohokam |
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The only remaining structure built by the Hohkam |
Casa Grande |
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The main structure of Casa Grande, a three-story building standing 35 feet high, made of |
caliche (a desert soil adobe with high lime content) |
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One of the localized groups of Mogollon has been named |
Mimbres |
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The Mimbres culture is known for their |
Black-and-white pottery bowls |
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Considered the mother culture of Mesoamerican Mexico |
Olmec |
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The early pyramid found at La Venta represented the |
Sacred mountain |
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The colossal heads found at San Lorenzo and Tres Zapotes are now thought to represent |
Rulers |
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Which of the following was a cosmopolitan center with merchants from the Veracruz and Zapotec peoples? |
Teotihuacán |
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Teotihuacán was greatly revered and visited by the |
Aztecs |
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Which of the following were found in the four corners in each of the tiers of the Pyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacán? |
Sacrificed children |
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The portrait of Ruler 13 can be found on Stele D from Copán. He holds across his chest a symbol of the sky and his absolute power represented as a |
Double headed serpent bar |
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Bonampak is famous for its |
Murals |
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The stone carving at the temple complex at Chavín de Huántar can best be described as |
Shallow linear incisions |
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Paracas textiles are considered masterpieces in Andean art. A recurring motif is flying or floating figures that current scholarship has interpreted as |
Religious practitioners |
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In the Adena culture, a treasured item that was buried with the deceased |
Pipe |
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Which of the following is one suggested interpretation for the Great Serpent Mound?
|
Halley's comet |
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The Mimbres culture is renowned for |
Black-on-white painted bowls |
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In the twelfth century, this caused the Ancestral Puebloans to abandon their open canyon floor dwelling sites. |
Drought |
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A gorget is a |
Neck pendant |
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The Mimbres culture occupied |
Southwestern New Mexico |
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In the 12th century, the Ancestral Puebloans relocated to |
Mesa Verde, Colorado |