Art History Baroque

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Baroque Period

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"The moment of" impact moment.

Motion, expression.

Happens after mannerism period, church in crisis during reformation and counter reformation.

Council of Trent.

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Council of Trent

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Response to the protestant reformation.

The embodiment of the Counter-Reformation

Need to clean things up and remove corruption. Move away from the humanist and take that down a notch. Need to refocus on god again.

Challenged the protestant church.

Believed art should support religious teaching, remind people why the church is important with direct emotional involvement

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Chiaroscuro

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the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition

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Veronese

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This artists work, "Feast at the House of Levi" is an example of how the council affected art.

Meant to depict the last supper, but it isnt simple, very mannerist and confused. They are aghast and ask him to change it, he refuses and they argue until hes threatened and he concedes and changes the name.

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Annibale Carracci

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First artist of this reform period. This painting was a definement of what art should look like.

New school and academy for reformation art.

Clear, concise, makes you empathize with him, he has clothes on which is important because this is around the time iconoclasm took place, they felt nudity was too much so this extended to future artworks.

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Caravaggio

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The most controversial artist of the period.

Ruffian, had no school, went to rome alone uninvited. Known for hanging around bars and traveling.

Used extremely realistic chiaroscurro style.

Always got himself in trouble and was teetering on the edge of going to far in his art.

Never drew sketches, would always go straight to painting which got him into messes.

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The calling of St. Mathew

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Religious story about how St. Mathew, previously a tax collector, is asked by Jesus to give up everything and follow him, which he does.

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Death of the virgin

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Was very controversial and rejected.

Was intented to be placed in a monestary.

Discalced Nuns see this and are offended. Theres red everywhere, signifying her humanity. Her dead form is green and bloated, like an actual corpse and her feet are exposed. Shes also lying flat in her back.

Most likely used a dead prostitute as his model.

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Artemesia Gentileschi

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A very early female artist. Trained by her father. Picks up naturalist and reduced background from caravaggio. Rare for female artists to be trained at this time.

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Judith with the head of Holofernes

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A story in the bible. Her beauty allows her to use it for a virtuous end. Reflected in artemisias art piece. She infiltrated the enemy camp, befriended the leader, and decapitated his head once she gains his trust, thus saving Israel.

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Bernini

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Worked almost his whole life at St. Peters. One of the most famous men in the century. Refuses to sculpt anyone that wont sit with him.

Architect, city planner

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St. Teresa

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Mystical nun. Often saw visions. Completely removed from society. Discalced nun. She often self flagellated bc in order to reach god spiritually she had to sacrifice.

Wrote her own autobiography at 14.

Visual propaganda. trying canonize her as a saint.

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Louix XIV

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Became a king at a very young age. Very egotistical.

Made palace of Versailles as a monument to his greatness.

Founded the foundation of royal academy of painting. All art had to be sanctioned by the king.

Everything in artworks was propaganda, paint him as a wealthy powerful man.

"Giver of light"

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Spain

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Saw themselves as most catholic orthodox. Their mission to defend and spread the faith.

Because of american conquest, they needed to spread their wealth to maintain their empires.

Ecomomic decline results in artistic flourishing

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Velazquez

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Worked for the spainish king, Philip IV. This painting is his manifesto, wanted to show his life, how he was surrounded by royalty and that he should also be knighted.

Couldnt be knighted because he wasnt of pure blood.

No one paints white like this artist

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Van Dyck

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Problematic figure. He was beheaded at the end of his life.

His painting Charles 1 with Monseigneur, was placed at a palace at the end of a hallway, so it looked like he was just arriving from war.

Arches a throw back to classical.

Horse is a symbol of power, strength, prestige.

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Holland

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Protestant area. Dont use imagery to represent religious stories because its problematic.

Absence of catholic church as a patron, so we see more civic institutions and homes filled with paintings.

Bc of this change in scale of painting, and subject matter (smaller, no kings)

Merchant class buys paintings.

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Terbruggen

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Copying caravaggios style. A lot of utrecht artists inspired by him.

Interested in playing with light.

In calling of Mathew, reduced space and picks up on making the scene feel quiet.

Interesting interplay between hands. Wanted to bring the figures closer using them

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Frans Hals

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A painter from Harlem, the cultural center.

His painting meant to celebrate a knights group, would hang in a town hall or building where these groups met.

Brighter chirascurro. Looks like a candid shot, like theyre not posing and just relaxing together, which was done on purpose to make it seem like this happened.

Captured their personalities and behaviors.

Selfie king. Loads of self portraits

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Rembrandt

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Never traveled or left Holland. Anti Rubens, went nowhere deliberately.

Instead, he was a collector of many paintings from all over. Brought the world to him.

Was easily disgruntled, always fought with his patron. Lost everything at the end of his life

Used more dark pockets to create drama. Rubens very clear drama. U can see everything

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Judas returning the thirty pieces of silver

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Sold out jesu1s for 30 pieces of silver. Regrets it and returns the money back. Most painted him as evil.

Rembrandt chose to highlight his humanity and depict him as remorseful

Remorse, a universal emotion. Everyones been where Judas was in that moment.

Rembrandt always searching for the human condition. How does he respond?

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Veemeer

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Came from delft, a beautiful little city . Their colors where blue and white.

Interested in domestic interiors and what goes on inside.

Couldnt finance himself as a artist alone. He worked as an innkeeper which kept him busy. Only completed 35 works. Super perfectionist too.

Used early forms of camera obscura