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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sculptures |
exist in three dimensions and occupyphysical space in our world |
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Subtractive |
carving, drilling, chiseling |
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Additive |
modeling, casting, constructing |
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bas-relief or low relief |
a sculpture carved with very little depth |
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Dying Lioness |
Ceremonial hunting of laws lion: Untamed nature King would hunt lion to show power Lion's were brought into palace to get hunted barely projects from the surface (low-relief) King of Assyria Painted over it; but sculpted it for durability |
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high relief |
a carved panel where the figures project with a great deal of depth from the background |
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Susan Durant, Memorial to King Leopold of the Belgians |
Lion is alive most depth Man is in between Angels; low relief Relief: represent diff realms of life |
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in the round |
a freestanding sculpted work that can be viewed from all sides |
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Giambologna, Rape of a Sabine |
Marble Subtractive Method Based on Sabine/Roman history The ability for this small community to succeed Roman's got it made |
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Building housing pit number 1 of the terra-cotta army ; Tomb mound and complex of Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi |
Terracotta- type of clay Underground burial chamber 8,000 life size salaries All were painted |
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casting |
additive method of sculpture, involves adding a liquid or pliable material to a mold |
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Riace Warrior A, c.450 BCE |
Survived b/c was lost Cast out of bronze Durable & permanent compared to clay and terracotta Lost wax casting process |
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Naum Gabo, ConstructedHead No. 2 |
construction method (newer) cor-ten steel (meant to rust) representation of human figure |
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Damien Hirst, The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living |
Construction method Sculpture in the round JAWS |
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Marcel Duchamp, Fountain |
Ready-made |
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readymade
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an everyday object presented as a work of art |
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Pablo Picasso, Bull’s Head |
Bicycle seat + handlebar Important to be seen in-person Shadows-3D |
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Great Serpent Mound, c. 800 BCE–100 CE |
Environmental sculpture Lines up w/ summer solstice Constructed by Native Americans Not believed to be a burial ground |
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Earthworks
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large-scale, outdoor environments that incorporate natural materials as the artistic media |
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Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty, 1969–70 |
Earthworks Great Salt Lake, Utah Reaction against commercializing nature Growing concern for environmentalism Meant to interact w/ site Remained underwater for 30 years |
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Nancy Holt. Sun Tunnels, Great Basin Desert, Utah |
Summer/Winter Solstice |
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David Adjaye, Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
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Washington DC Location-specific 3-tiered structure reference to yoruba culture metal/black smithing |
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Olowe of Ise, Veranda Post: Equestrian Figure andFemale Caryatid |
Yoruba Art Column for King's Post 6ft tall |
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Capstone (Load bearing Architecture) |
Very solid inside No interior space |
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Pyramids at Giza, Egypt: from left to right, the pyramids of Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure |
Burried 3 of the most important pharaohs Sun God |
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Temple I in the Great Plaza,Maya, c. 300–900 CE |
Tikal, Guatemala Maya Culture Load Bearing Architecture |
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Post-and-lintel construction
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Stonehenge, c. 3200–1500 BCE
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Meant to function as observatory or calendar The lone rock aligns w/ rising sun in summer solstice |
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Kallikrates, Temple of Athena Nike, 427–424 BCE |
Acropolis, Greece Athens, Greece Post and Lintel |
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Iktinos and Kallikrates, Parthenon |
Acropolis Athens, Greece White Marble Temple to goddess Athena Was also a treasury Wanted it to be clearly human made Incorporated optical illusions (stronger/larger) |
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entasis
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the slight swelling at the midpoint of a column |
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Erechtheion, 421 - 406 BCE |
Acropolis Athens, Greece |
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First great power of Mesopotamia |
Sumerians |
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cuneiform |
wedge-shaped symbols drawing with a reed “pen” in soft clay; developed by Sumerians, first known form of communication beyond the use of pictograms c 3000 BCE |
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Standard of Ur, Early Dynastic III |
Refers to city Ur Was used as a flag and was found in Ur Was meant to be read hierarchically |
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hierarchical scale |
the use of size to denote relative importance of subjects in an artwork |
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ziggurat |
Mesopotamian stepped tower, roughly pyramid-shaped, that diminished in size toward a platform summit |
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Ziggurat, Ur (near Nasiriyah, Iraq) |
Mesopotamia Saved from flooding As you walk up the stairs you prepare yourself to commune |
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Votive Figures from the Temple of Abu,Eshnunna (Tell Asmar), |
Mesopotamia Religious figures State of perpetual prayer Inscription w/ name & message to divine |
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Human-headed winged lion(lamassu), from gateway in AshurnasirpalII’s palace in Nimrud, Mesopotamia |
Assyrians Mythical creature Placed at entrance to kingdom 5 legs to add motion 2 straight in front look imposin |
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Dying lioness also example |
Assyrian |
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Stela of Hammurabi, c. 1792–1750 BCE |
Babylonians Shows Hammurabi receiving rules from Gods Hierarchy important |
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Ishtar Gate from Babylon (Iraq), reign of Nebuchadnezzar II (605–562 BCE) |
Babylonians Colored to look like stone Actions + relief lions facing entreance |
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stupa |
a burial mound containing Buddha’s remains |
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Great Stupa, third century BCE |
4 toranas reach face in the same direction Largest among seen there Illegal to make Buddha Buddha was cremated and separated into 8 remains and kept in stupas |
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mudra |
symbolic hand gesture used in Buddhist art to help communicate meaning (30 diff symbols to represent buddha) |
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bodhisattva
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beings who could have achieved nirvana but who chose to instead sacrifice themselves and help others work towards Enlightenment |
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Bodhisattva Padmapani, Cave 1 |
Fresco painting Bodhisattva Holding lotus flower |
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calligraphy |
the art of emotive or carefully descriptive handwriting |
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colophon |
comment written on a Chinese scroll by the creator, owner, or a viewer |
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Wang Meng, Ge ZhichuanMoving His Dwelling, c.1360 |
Scroll painting Meant to be a meditation of your own life He is embarking in a difficult journey |
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Detail from painted bannerfrom tomb of Lady Dai |
Silk Her body was extremely well preserved within 4 caskets Passage between normal and after world |
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chanoyu |
“Way of the Tea,” Japanese word for the traditional tea ceremony |
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Sen no Rikyu, Taianteahouse |
Took it from only wealthy to general public |
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Kami |
spirits present everywhere, including in nature |
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Teabowl (called Mount Fuji) |
Referencing color of Mt Fuji White @ tip, earth tones in bottom |
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raku |
handmade and fired ceramic; made for a tea ceremony |
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Shinto |
traditional Japanese religion, emphasizes the ways natural elements (sun, water, trees) are connected to personal well-being, reveres nature itself as a deity |
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Ise Jingu, site dates from 4th century CE |
Sanctuary dedicated to sun goddess Sacred forest surrounds temples Made of wood Shinto shrine Cyclical-rebuilt every 20 years represents cycle of nature |
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torii |
traditional Japanese gate most commonly found at the entrance of or within a Shinto shrine, symbolically marks the transition from the profane to the sacred |
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continuous narrative |
when different parts of a story are shown within the same visual space |
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Hungry Tigress, panel fromthe Tamamushi Shrine |
Comes from Buddhist shrine Buddha sacrificing himself Continuous narrative |
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ukiyo-e |
a Japanese word that means “pictures of the floating world” |
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Kitagawa Utamaro, Two Courtesans |
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Japonisme |
the influence of Japanese artists upon European artists of the 19th century |
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Mary Cassatt, The Child’sBath, 1893. |
Intimacy Blurry background Brighter forefront |
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Kitagawa Utamaro, Takashima Ohisa Using TwoMirrors to Observe Her Coiffure;
Mary Cassatt, The Coiffure |
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